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أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1145)
[ * And We have certainly made the Qur’an easy for remembrance, :-
**Is there any who will remember?:-
(17,22,32,40&51 Ayat:-) :-
*Indeed, all things We created with predestination.:-
*And We have already destroyed your kinds, so is there any who will remember?:-]
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Surah:54:Al-Qamar.
Para:27
Ayat:- 17-55
54:17
وَ لَقَدۡ یَسَّرۡنَا الۡقُرۡاٰنَ لِلذِّکۡرِ فَہَلۡ مِنۡ مُّدَّکِرٍ ﴿۱۷﴾
And We have certainly made the Qur’an easy for remembrance, so is there any who will remember?
وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْانَ لِلذِّكْرِ
And We have indeed made the Qur’an easy to understand and remember;
meaning, `We have made the Qur’an easy to recite and comprehend for those who seek these traits, to remind mankind,’
as Allah said,
كِتَـبٌ أَنزَلْنَـهُ إِلَيْكَ مُبَـرَكٌ لِّيَدَّبَّرُواْ ءَايَـتِهِ وَلِيَتَذَكَّرَ أُوْلُو الاٌّلْبَـبِ
(This is) a Book which We have sent down to you, full of blessings, that they may ponder over its Ayat, and that men of understanding may remember. (38:29),
فَإِنَّمَا يَسَّرْنَـهُ بِلَسَانِكَ لِتُبَشِّرَ بِهِ الْمُتَّقِينَ وَتُنْذِرَ بِهِ قَوْماً لُّدّاً
So We have made this (the Qur’an) easy in your own tongue, only that you may give glad tidings to those who have Taqwa and warn with it the most quarrelsome people. (19:97)
Allah said,
فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
then is there any that will remember,
meaning, `is there anyone who will remember through this Qur’an, which We made easy to memorize and easy to understand?’
Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi commented on this Ayah,
“Is there anyone who will avoid evil?
54:18
کَذَّبَتۡ عَادٌ فَکَیۡفَ کَانَ عَذَابِیۡ وَ نُذُرِ ﴿۱۸﴾
‘Aad denied; and how [severe] were My punishment and warning.
The Story of `Ad
Allah states that,
كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ
`Ad denied; then how was My torment and My warnings?
Allah states that `Ad, the People of Hud, denied their Messenger, just as the people of Nuh did.
So, Allah sent on them
54:19
اِنَّاۤ اَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَیۡہِمۡ رِیۡحًا صَرۡصَرًا فِیۡ یَوۡمِ نَحۡسٍ مُّسۡتَمِرٍّ ﴿ۙ۱۹﴾
Indeed, We sent upon them a screaming wind on a day of continuous misfortune,
إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا صَرْصَرًا
Verily, We sent against them a violently cold (Sarsar) wind
means, a bitterly cold and furious wind,
فِي يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ
on a day of calamity,
against them, according to Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah and As-Suddi,
مُّسْتَمِرٍّ
continuous,
upon them because the calamity, torment and destruction that they suffered in this life on that day continued with that of the Hereafter,
تَنزِعُ النَّاسَ كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ مُّنقَعِرٍ
54:20
تَنۡزِعُ النَّاسَ ۙ کَاَنَّہُمۡ اَعۡجَازُ نَخۡلٍ مُّنۡقَعِرٍ ﴿۲۰﴾
Extracting the people as if they were trunks of palm trees uprooted.
Plucking out men as if they were uprooted stems of date palms.
The wind would pluck one of them and raise him high, until he could no longer be seen, and then violently send him down on his head to the ground. His head would be smashed and only his body would be left, headless,
كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ مُّنقَعِرٍ
فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ
54:21
فَکَیۡفَ کَانَ عَذَابِیۡ وَ نُذُرِ ﴿۲۱﴾
And how [severe] were My punishment and warning.
وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
54:22
وَ لَقَدۡ یَسَّرۡنَا الۡقُرۡاٰنَ لِلذِّکۡرِ فَہَلۡ مِنۡ مُّدَّکِرٍ ﴿٪۲۲﴾
And We have certainly made the Qur’an easy for remembrance, so is there any who will remember?
as if they were uprooted stems of date palms.
Then, how was My torment and My warnings? And We have indeed made the Qur’an easy to understand and remember; then is there any that will remember!
54:23
کَذَّبَتۡ ثَمُوۡدُ بِالنُّذُرِ ﴿۲۳﴾
Thamud denied the warning
The Story of Thamud
Allah states here that,
كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِالنُّذُرِ
Thamud denied the warnings.
i.e. the people of Thamud denied their Messenger Salih,
فَقَالُوا أَبَشَرًا مِّنَّا وَاحِدًا نَّتَّبِعُهُ إِنَّا إِذًا لَّفِي ضَلَلٍ وَسُعُرٍ
54:24
فَقَالُوۡۤا اَبَشَرًا مِّنَّا وَاحِدًا نَّتَّبِعُہٗۤ ۙ اِنَّاۤ اِذًا لَّفِیۡ ضَلٰلٍ وَّ سُعُرٍ ﴿۲۴﴾
And said, “Is it one human being among us that we should follow? Indeed, we would then be in error and madness.
And they said:”A man, alone among us — shall we follow him Truly, then we should be in error and distress!”
They said, `We would have earned failure and loss if we all submitted to a man from among us.’
They were amazed that the Reminder was sent to him alone among them, and therefore, accused him of being a liar
54:25
ءَاُلۡقِیَ الذِّکۡرُ عَلَیۡہِ مِنۡۢ بَیۡنِنَا بَلۡ ہُوَ کَذَّابٌ اَشِرٌ ﴿۲۵﴾
Has the message been sent down upon him from among us? Rather, he is an insolent liar.”
أَوُلْقِيَ الذِّكْرُ عَلَيْهِ مِن بَيْنِنَا
“Is it that the Reminder is sent to him alone from among us?
بَلْ هُوَ كَذَّابٌ أَشِرٌ
Nay, he is an insolent liar!
means, he has trespassed the limits in his lies.
Allah the Exalted responded,
سَيَعْلَمُونَ غَدًا مَّنِ الْكَذَّابُ الاَْشِرُ
54:26
سَیَعۡلَمُوۡنَ غَدًا مَّنِ الۡکَذَّابُ الۡاَشِرُ ﴿۲۶﴾
They will know tomorrow who is the insolent liar.
Tomorrow they will come to know who is the liar, the insolent one!
thus warning and threatening them and delivering a sure promise to them
54:27
اِنَّا مُرۡسِلُوا النَّاقَۃِ فِتۡنَۃً لَّہُمۡ فَارۡتَقِبۡہُمۡ وَ اصۡطَبِرۡ ﴿۫۲۷﴾
Indeed, We are sending the she-camel as trial for them, so watch them and be patient.
إِنَّا مُرْسِلُو النَّاقَةِ فِتْنَةً لَّهُمْ
Verily, We are sending the she-camel as a test for them.
To test and try the people of Thamud, Allah sent to them a superb, pregnant female camel that emerged from solid rock, according to their request, so that it would become a proof against them from Allah, the Exalted. Thereafter, they were supposed to believe in what was brought to them by Salih, peace be upon him.
Allah ordered His servant and Messenger Salih,
فَارْتَقِبْهُمْ وَاصْطَبِرْ
So watch them, and be patient!
Allah commanded, `await, O Salih, and see what will become of them and be patient; verily the better end will be yours and you will have success in this life and the Hereafter,
54:28
وَ نَبِّئۡہُمۡ اَنَّ الۡمَآءَ قِسۡمَۃٌۢ بَیۡنَہُمۡ ۚ کُلُّ شِرۡبٍ مُّحۡتَضَرٌ ﴿۲۸﴾
And inform them that the water is shared between them, each [day of] drink attended [by turn].
وَنَبِّيْهُمْ أَنَّ الْمَاء قِسْمَةٌ بَيْنَهُمْ
And inform them that the water is to be shared between them,
one day for her to drink and one day for them to drink,
قَالَ هَـذِهِ نَاقَةٌ لَّهَا شِرْبٌ وَلَكُمْ شِرْبُ يَوْمٍ مَّعْلُومٍ
He said:”Here is a she-camel:it has a right to drink, and you have a right to drink (water) on a day, known.” (26:155)
Allah’s statement,
كُلُّ شِرْبٍ مُّحْتَضَرٌ
each one’s right to drink being established.
Mujahid said,
“When she did not drink, they would drink the water, and when she drank, they would drink her milk.”
Allah the Exalted said;
فَنَادَوْا صَاحِبَهُمْ فَتَعَاطَى فَعَقَرَ
54:29
فَنَادَوۡا صَاحِبَہُمۡ فَتَعَاطٰی فَعَقَرَ ﴿۲۹﴾
But they called their companion, and he dared and hamstrung [her].
But they called their comrade and he took and killed.
According to the Scholars of Tafsir, his name was Qudar bin Salif; he was the evilest among them,
إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا
When the most wicked man among them went forth (to kill the she-camel). (91:12)
Allah said here,
فَتَعَاطَى
(and he took), meaning to harm,
فَعَقَرَ
فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ
54:30
فَکَیۡفَ کَانَ عَذَابِیۡ وَ نُذُرِ ﴿۳۰﴾
And how [severe] were My punishment and warning.
and killed (her). Then, how was My torment and My warnings,
`I tormented them, so how was the torment I sent on them because of their disbelief in Me and denying My Messenger’
إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَكَانُوا كَهَشِيمِ الْمُحْتَظِرِ
54:31
اِنَّاۤ اَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَیۡہِمۡ صَیۡحَۃً وَّاحِدَۃً فَکَانُوۡا کَہَشِیۡمِ الۡمُحۡتَظِرِ ﴿۳۱﴾
Indeed, We sent upon them one blast from the sky, and they became like the dry twig fragments of an [animal] pen.
Verily, We sent against them a single Sayhah, and they became like straw Al-Muhtazir.
They all perished and none of them remained. They were no more, they died out, just as plants and grass dry and die out.
As-Suddi said that they became like the dry grass in the desert when it becomes burned and the wind scatters it all about.
Ibn Zayd said,
“The Arabs used to erect fences (Hizar, from which the word, Al-Muhtazir, is derived) made of dried bushes, around their camels and cattle, so Allah said,
كَهَشِيمِ الْمُحْتَظِرِ
(like straw Al-Muhtazir.)
وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
54:32
وَ لَقَدۡ یَسَّرۡنَا الۡقُرۡاٰنَ لِلذِّکۡرِ فَہَلۡ مِنۡ مُّدَّکِرٍ ﴿۳۲﴾
And We have certainly made the Qur’an easy for remembrance, so is there any who will remember?
And We have indeed made the Qur’an easy to understand and remember; then is there any that will remember!
54:33
کَذَّبَتۡ قَوۡمُ لُوۡطٍۭ بِالنُّذُرِ ﴿۳۳﴾
The people of Lot denied the warning.
The Story of the People of the Prophet Lut
Allah the Exalted states,
كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ لُوطٍ بِالنُّذُرِ
The people of Lut denied the warnings.
Allah the Exalted states that the people of Lut defied and denied their Messenger and committed sodomy, the awful immoral sin that no people in the history of mankind had committed before. This is why Allah destroyed them with a type of torment that He never inflicted upon any nation before them. Allah the Exalted commanded Jibril, peace be upon him, to raise their cities to the sky and then turn them upside down over them, followed by stones made of marked Sijjil.
So He said here:
إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَاصِبًا إِلاَّ الَ لُوطٍ
نَّجَّيْنَاهُم بِسَحَرٍ
54:34
اِنَّاۤ اَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَیۡہِمۡ حَاصِبًا اِلَّاۤ اٰلَ لُوۡطٍ ؕ نَجَّیۡنٰہُمۡ بِسَحَرٍ ﴿ۙ۳۴﴾
Indeed, We sent upon them a storm of stones, except the family of Lot – We saved them before dawn
Verily, We sent against them Hasib (a violent storm of stones) except the family of Lut, them We saved in the last hour of the night.
They left the city in the last part of the night and were saved from the torment that struck their people, none of whom believed in Lut. And even Lut’s wife suffered the same end as her people. Allah’s Prophet Lut left Sodom with his daughters in safety, unharmed
54:35
نِّعۡمَۃً مِّنۡ عِنۡدِنَا ؕ کَذٰلِکَ نَجۡزِیۡ مَنۡ شَکَرَ ﴿۳۵﴾
As favor from us. Thus do We reward he who is grateful.
نِعْمَةً مِّنْ عِندِنَا
As a favor from Us.
Allah said,
كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي مَن شَكَرَ
54:36
وَ لَقَدۡ اَنۡذَرَہُمۡ بَطۡشَتَنَا فَتَمَارَوۡا بِالنُّذُرِ ﴿۳۶﴾
And he had already warned them of Our assault, but they disputed the warning.
وَلَقَدْ أَنذَرَهُم بَطْشَتَنَا
Thus do We reward him who gives thanks. And he indeed had warned them of Our punishment,
meaning, before the torment struck his people, he warned them of Allah’s torment and punishment. They did not heed the warning, nor listen to Lut,
فَتَمَارَوْا بِالنُّذُرِ
but they doubted the warnings!
i.e. but instead doubted and disputed the warning
54:37
وَ لَقَدۡ رَاوَدُوۡہُ عَنۡ ضَیۡفِہٖ فَطَمَسۡنَاۤ اَعۡیُنَہُمۡ فَذُوۡقُوۡا عَذَابِیۡ وَ نُذُرِ ﴿۳۷﴾
And they had demanded from him his guests, but We obliterated their eyes, [saying], “Taste My punishment and warning.”
وَلَقَدْ رَاوَدُوهُ عَن ضَيْفِهِ
And they indeed sought to shame his guests,
that is the night the angels Jibril, Mika’il and Israfil came to him in the shape of handsome young men, as a test from Allah for Lut’s people. Lut hosted his guests, while his wife, the evil old one, sent a message to her people informing them of Lut’s guests. They came to him in haste from every direction, and Lut had to close the door in their faces. They came during the night and tried to break the door; Lut tried to fend them off, while shielding his guests from them, saying,
هَـوُلاءِ بَنَاتِى إِن كُنْتُمْ فَـعِلِينَ
These are my daughters, if you must act (so). (15:71),
in reference to their women,
قَالُواْ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا لَنَا فِى بَنَاتِكَ مِنْ حَقٍّ
They said:”Surely, you know that we have neither any desire nor need of your daughters!” (11:79),
meaning, `we do not have any desire for women,’
وَإِنَّكَ لَتَعْلَمُ مَا نُرِيدُ
and indeed you know well what we want! (11:79)
فَطَمَسْنَا أَعْيُنَهُمْ
فَذُوقُوا عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ
So, We blinded their eyes (saying), “Then taste you My torment and My warnings.”
When the situation became serious and they insisted on coming in, Jibril went out to them and struck their eyes with the tip of his wing, causing them to lose their sight. They went back feeling for the walls to guide them, threatening Lut with what would befall him in the morning.
Allah the Exalted said,
وَلَقَدْ صَبَّحَهُم بُكْرَةً عَذَابٌ مُّسْتَقِرٌّ
54:38
وَ لَقَدۡ صَبَّحَہُمۡ بُکۡرَۃً عَذَابٌ مُّسۡتَقِرٌّ ﴿ۚ۳۸﴾
And there came upon them by morning an abiding punishment.
And verily, an abiding torment seized them early in the morning.
meaning, a torment that they had no way of escaping or avoiding,
فَذُوقُوا عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ
54:39
فَذُوۡقُوۡا عَذَابِیۡ وَ نُذُرِ ﴿۳۹﴾
So taste My punishment and warning.
وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
54:40
وَ لَقَدۡ یَسَّرۡنَا الۡقُرۡاٰنَ لِلذِّکۡرِ فَہَلۡ مِنۡ مُّدَّکِرٍ ﴿٪۴۰﴾
And We have certainly made the Qur’an easy for remembrance, so is there any who will remember?
Then taste you My torment and My warnings. And indeed, We have made the Qur’an easy to understand and remember; then is there any that will remember!
54:41
وَ لَقَدۡ جَآءَ اٰلَ فِرۡعَوۡنَ النُّذُرُ ﴿ۚ۴۱﴾
And there certainly came to the people of Pharaoh warning.
The Story of Fir`awn and His People
Allah the Exalted narrates to us the story of Fir`awn and his people.
وَلَقَدْ جَاء الَ فِرْعَوْنَ النُّذُرُ
كَذَّبُوا بِأيَاتِنَا كُلِّهَا فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ أَخْذَ عَزِيزٍ مُّقْتَدِرٍ
54:42
کَذَّبُوۡا بِاٰیٰتِنَا کُلِّہَا فَاَخَذۡنٰہُمۡ اَخۡذَ عَزِیۡزٍ مُّقۡتَدِرٍ ﴿۴۲﴾
They denied Our signs, all of them, so We seized them with a seizure of one Exalted in Might and Perfect in Ability.
And indeed, warnings came to the people of Fir`awn.
(They) denied all Our signs, so We seized them with a punishment of the Almighty, All-Capable.
A Messenger came to them from Allah, Musa supported by his brother Harun. Their Messengers delivered good news if they believe, and a warning if they rejected the Message. Allah supported Musa and Harun with tremendous miracles and great signs, but Fir`awn and his people rejected all of them. Allah took them the way the All-Mighty, the All-Capable would; He destroyed them all leaving none surviving to tell the story of what happened to them.
Advising and Threatening the Quraysh Allah said
54:43
اَکُفَّارُکُمۡ خَیۡرٌ مِّنۡ اُولٰٓئِکُمۡ اَمۡ لَکُمۡ بَرَآءَۃٌ فِی الزُّبُرِ ﴿ۚ۴۳﴾
Are your disbelievers better than those [former ones], or have you immunity in the scripture?
أَكُفَّارُكُمْ
Are your disbelievers,
meaning, `O idolators of the Quraysh,’
خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أُوْلَيِكُمْ
better than these,
meaning better than the nations that were mentioned here, who were destroyed on account of their disbelief in the Messengers and rejecting the Scriptures. `Are you better than these?’
أَمْ لَكُم بَرَاءةٌ فِي الزُّبُرِ
Or have you immunity in the Divine Scriptures,
`do you have immunity from Allah that the torment and punishment will not touch you?’
Allah said about the Quraysh,
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ نَحْنُ جَمِيعٌ مُّنتَصِرٌ
54:44
اَمۡ یَقُوۡلُوۡنَ نَحۡنُ جَمِیۡعٌ مُّنۡتَصِرٌ ﴿۴۴﴾
Or do they say, “We are an assembly supporting [each other]”?
Or say they:”We are a great multitude, victorious!”
stating that they believed they will support each other and their great gathering will avail them against those who intend to harm them.
Allah the Exalted responded,
سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ
54:45
سَیُہۡزَمُ الۡجَمۡعُ وَ یُوَلُّوۡنَ الدُّبُرَ ﴿۴۵﴾
[Their] assembly will be defeated, and they will turn their backs [in retreat].
Their multitude will be put to flight, and they will show their backs.
affirming that their gathering shall scatter, and they shall be defeated.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abbas said,
“The Prophet, while in a dome-shaped tent on the day of the battle of Badr, said,
أَنْشُدُكَ عَهْدَكَ وَوَعْدَكَ
اللْهُمَّ إِنْ شِيْتَ لَمْ تُعْبَدْ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ فِي الاَْرْضِ أَبَدًا
O Allah! I ask you for the fulfillment of Your covenant and promise.
O Allah! If You wish (to destroy the believers), You will never be worshipped on the earth after today.
Abu Bakr caught him by the hand and said, `This is sufficient, O Allah’s Messenger! You have sufficiently asked and petitioned Allah.’
The Prophet was clad in his armor at that time and went out, saying,
سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ
بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَى وَأَمَرُّ
54:46
بَلِ السَّاعَۃُ مَوۡعِدُہُمۡ وَ السَّاعَۃُ اَدۡہٰی وَ اَمَرُّ ﴿۴۶﴾
But the Hour is their appointment [for due punishment], and the Hour is more disastrous and more bitter.
Their multitude will be put to flight and they will show their backs. Nay, but the Hour is their appointed time and that Hour will be more grievous and more bitter.”
Al-Bukhari also recorded that Yusuf bin Mahak said,
“I was with the Mother of the faithful, A’ishah, when she said, `When I was still a young playful girl in Makkah, this Ayah was revealed to Muhammad,
بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَى وَأَمَرُّ
Nay, but the Hour is their appointed time and that Hour will be more grievous and more bitter.”
This is the abridged narration that Al-Bukhari collected, but he also collected a longer narration of it in the Book of the Virtues of the Qur’an.
Muslim did not collect this Hadith
54:47
اِنَّ الۡمُجۡرِمِیۡنَ فِیۡ ضَلٰلٍ وَّ سُعُرٍ ﴿ۘ۴۷﴾
Indeed, the criminals are in error and madness.
The Destination of the Criminals
Allah the Exalted states,
إِنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِي ضَلَلٍ وَسُعُرٍ
Verily, the criminals are in error and will burn.
the criminals are misguided away from the truth and engulfed in confusion, because of the doubts and uncertainty they are in. This description befits every disbeliever and innovator of all types and forms of sects.
Allah the Exalted said
54:48
یَوۡمَ یُسۡحَبُوۡنَ فِی النَّارِ عَلٰی وُجُوۡہِہِمۡ ؕ ذُوۡقُوۡا مَسَّ سَقَرَ ﴿۴۸﴾
The Day they are dragged into the Fire on their faces [it will be said], “Taste the touch of Saqar.”
يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِي النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ
The Day they will be dragged on their faces into the Fire,
meaning, just as they were consumed in doubt, suspicion and hesitation, they ended up in the Fire. And just as they were misguided, they will end up being dragged on their faces, unaware of where they will be taken. They will be admonished and criticized,
ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَرَ
“Taste you the touch of Hell!”
Everything was created with Qadar
Allah’s statement,
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ
54:49
اِنَّا کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ خَلَقۡنٰہُ بِقَدَرٍ ﴿۴۹﴾
Indeed, all things We created with predestination.
Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.
is similar to several other Ayat,
وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُ تَقْدِيراً
He has created everything, and has measured it exactly according to its due measurements (Faqaddarahu Taqdir). (25:2)
and,
سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى
الَّذِى خَلَقَ فَسَوَّى
وَالَّذِى قَدَّرَ فَهَدَى
Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High. Who has created (everything), and then proportioned it. And Who has measured (Qaddara) and then guided. (87:1-3),
i.e., He measured out the total sum (Qadar) of everything and then guided the creation to it.
The Imams of the Sunnah relied on this honorable Ayah as evidence that Allah created the creation with destined limits before they were created. He knew everything that will occur before it occurred and recorded everything that will occur, before they occurred. They used this Ayah and similar Ayat and Hadiths to refute the Qadariyyah sect, who started their sect during the latter time of the Companions.
I mentioned this subject in detail in my explanation on the chapter on faith of Sahih Al-Bukhari. I will mention here some Hadiths pertaining to this honorable Ayah.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said,
“The idolators of the Quraysh came to the Messenger of Allah arguing with him and discounting the Qadar. This Ayah was revealed,
يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِي النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَرَ
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ
The Day they will be dragged on their faces into the Fire:”Taste you the touch of Hell!” Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.”
Muslim, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah collected this Hadith.
Al-Bazzar recorded that Amr bin Shu`ayb said that his father narrated that his grandfather said,
“These Ayat were revealed about those who deny Al-Qadar,
إِنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِي ضَلَلٍ وَسُعُرٍ
يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِي النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَرَ
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ
Verily, the criminals are in error and will burn. The Day they will be dragged on their faces into the Fire:”Taste you the touch of Hell!” Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.
Ibn Abi Hatim also recorded that Zurarah said that his father said that the Prophet recited this Ayah,
مَسَّ سَقَرَ
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ
“Taste you the touch of Hell!” Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.
and then said,
نَزَلَتْ فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي يَكُونُونَ فِي اخِرِ الزَّمَانِ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِقَدَرِ الله
These Ayat were revealed about some members of my Ummah. They will come before the end of time and deny Al-Qadar.
Ata’ bin Abi Rabah said,
“I went to Ibn Abbas and found him drawing water from the well of Zamzam. The bottom of his clothes were wet with the water of Zamzam and I said to him, `They talked about Al-Qadar (some denied it).’
He asked, `Have they done this!’
I said, `Yes.’
He said, `By Allah! This Ayah was revealed only about them,
مَسَّ سَقَرَ
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ
“Taste you the touch of Hell!” Verily, We have created all things with Qadar.
They are the worst members of this Ummah. Do not visit those who fall ill among them or pray the Funeral prayer for those among them who die. If I saw one of them, I would pluck out his eyes with these two fingers of mine.”‘
Imam Ahmad recorded that Nafi` said,
“Abdullah bin Umar had a friend in the area of Ash-Sham who used to write to him. Abdullah bin Umar wrote to him, `I was told that you started talking about Al-Qadar. Therefore, do not dare write to me any more. I heard the Messenger of Allah say,
سَيَكُونُ فِي أُمَّتِي أَقْوَامٌ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِالْقَدَر
There will be some members of my Ummah who will deny Al-Qadar.”
Abu Dawud collected this Hadith from Ahmad bin Hanbal.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said,
كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ حَتْى الْعَجْزُ وَالْكَيْس
Every thing is predetermined, even laziness and intelligence.
Muslim collected this Hadith using a chain of narration through Imam Malik.
There is also an authentic Hadith in which the Messenger of Allah said,
اسْتَعِنْ بِاللهِ وَلَا تَعْجَزْ فَإِنْ أَصَابَكَ أَمْرٌ فَقُلْ قَدَّرَ اللهُ وَمَا شَاءَ فَعَلَ
وَلَا تَقُلْ لَوْ أَنِّي فَعَلْتُ كَذَا لَكَانَ كَذَا فَإِنَّ لَوْ تَفْتَحُ عَمَلَ الشَّيْطَان
Seek the help of Allah and do not succumb to feebleness. And when an affliction strikes you, say,
“Allah has decreed this, and He does as He wills.”
Do not say,
“Had I done this or that, this or that would have happened, because “if” opens the door wide for the work of Ash-Shaytan.”
In a Hadith from Abbas, the Messenger of Allah said to him,
وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ الاْاُمَّةَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَنْفَعُوكَ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يَكْتُبْهُ اللهُ لَكَ لَمْ يَنْفَعُوكَ
وَلَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يَكْتُبْهُ اللهُ عَلَيْكَ لَمْ يَضُرُّوكَ
جَفَّتِ الاَْقْلَمُ وَطُوِيَتِ الصُّحُف
Know that if the Ummah were to all gather their strength to cause you some benefit that Allah has not decreed for you, they will never be able to bring you that benefit.
And if they gather their strength to bring a harm to you that Allah has not written on you, they will never be able to harm you.
The pens have gone dry and the Books of Record have been closed.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ubadah bin Al-Walid bin Ubadah said that his father said to him,
“I went to Ubadah when he was ill, and I thought that he was going to die. So I said, `O my father, advise us and make the best effort in this regard.’
He said, `Help me sit up,’ and when he was helped up, he said,
`O my son! Know that you will not taste the delight of Faith or earn true knowledge in Allah until you believe in Al-Qadar, the good and the not so good parts of it.’
I asked, `O my father! How can I know (or believe in) Al-Qadar, the good and the not so good parts of it?’
He said,
`When you know that what has missed you, would never have come to you and
what has befallen you would never have missed you. O my son!
I heard the Messenger of Allah say,
إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ اللهُ الْقَلَمُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ اكْتُبْ فَجَرَى فِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَةِ بِمَا هُوَ كَايِنٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَة
The first thing Allah created was the Pen, right after that commanded it, `Record!’
and the Pen recorded everything that will occur until the Day of Resurrection.
O my son! If you die not having this belief, you will enter the Hellfire.”‘
At-Tirmidhi also recorded it and said:”Hasan Sahih Gharib.”
It is confirmed in Sahih Muslim from Abdullah bin `Amr that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ اللهَ كَتَبَ مَقَادِيرَ الْخَلْقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالاَْرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَة
Verily, Allah recorded the measurements for the creatures fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and earth.
Ibn Wahb added,
وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَأءِ
And His Throne was over the water. (11:7)
At-Tirmidhi also recorded it, and he said:”Hasan, Sahih Gharib.”
A Warning to beware of Allah’s Threats
Allah said,
وَمَا أَمْرُنَا إِلاَّ وَاحِدَةٌ كَلَمْحٍ بِالْبَصَرِ
54:50
وَ مَاۤ اَمۡرُنَاۤ اِلَّا وَاحِدَۃٌ کَلَمۡحٍۭ بِالۡبَصَرِ ﴿۵۰﴾
And Our command is but one, like a glance of the eye.
And Our commandment is but one as the twinkling of an eye.
This is information about the execution of His will in His creation, just as He informed us the execution of His decree in them,
وَمَا أَمْرُنَا إِلاَّ وَاحِدَةٌ
(And Our commandment is but one). meaning,
`We only command a thing once, without needing to repeat the command; and whatever We command comes to existence faster than the blinking of an eye without any delay, not even for an instant.’
Allah said
54:51
وَ لَقَدۡ اَہۡلَکۡنَاۤ اَشۡیَاعَکُمۡ فَہَلۡ مِنۡ مُّدَّکِرٍ ﴿۵۱﴾
And We have already destroyed your kinds, so is there any who will remember?
وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا أَشْيَاعَكُمْ
And indeed, We have destroyed your likes,
i.e. the earlier nations who denied their Messengers,
فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِرٍ
then is there any that will remember!
meaning, is there any that will receive admonition by remembering the humiliation and torment that Allah decreed for them?
وَحِيلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا يَشْتَهُونَ كَمَا فُعِلَ بِأَشْيَـعِهِم مِّن قَبْلُ
And a barrier will be set between them and that which they desire, as was done in the past with the people of their kind. (34:54)
Allah’s statement,
وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ فَعَلُوهُ فِي الزُّبُرِ
54:52
وَ کُلُّ شَیۡءٍ فَعَلُوۡہُ فِی الزُّبُرِ ﴿۵۲﴾
And everything they did is in written records.
And everything they have done is noted in Az-Zubur.
meaning, everything they did is recorded in the Books of Record entrusted to the angels, peace be upon them
54:53
وَ کُلُّ صَغِیۡرٍ وَّ کَبِیۡرٍ مُّسۡتَطَرٌ ﴿۵۳﴾
And every small and great [thing] is inscribed.
وَكُلُّ صَغِيرٍ وَكَبِيرٍ
And everything, small and large, (meaning, of their actions),
مُسْتَطَرٌ
is written down.
everything that they do is recorded and written in their Record of deeds, which leave nothing, whether large or small, but it is recorded and counted.
Imam Ahmad recorded that A’ishah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
يَا عَايِشَةُ إِيَّاكِ وَمُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ فَإِنَّ لَهَا مِنَ اللهِ طَالِبًا
O A’ishah! Beware of small sins, because there is someone assigned by Allah who records them.
An-Nasa’i and Ibn Majah also collected this Hadith.
The Good End for Those with Taqwa
Allah said,
إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَنَهَرٍ
54:54
اِنَّ الۡمُتَّقِیۡنَ فِیۡ جَنّٰتٍ وَّ نَہَرٍ ﴿ۙ۵۴﴾
Indeed, the righteous will be among gardens and rivers,
Verily, those who have Taqwa, will be in the midst of Gardens and Rivers,
unlike the end that the miserable are facing, loss, confusion and being dragged in the Fire on their faces, as well as being disgraced, punished and threatened.
Allah said
54:55
فِیۡ مَقۡعَدِ صِدۡقٍ عِنۡدَ مَلِیۡکٍ مُّقۡتَدِرٍ ﴿٪۵۵﴾
In a seat of honor near a Sovereign, Perfect in Ability.
فِي مَقْعَدِ صِدْقٍ
In a seat of truth,
in the Dwelling of Allah’s honor, encompassed by His pleasure, favors, bounties, generosity and compassion,
عِندَ مَلِيكٍ مُّقْتَدِرٍ
near the Muqtadir King.
meaning with the Magnificent King Who created everything and measured its destiny; He is able to grant them whatever they wish and ask for.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin `Amr said that the Prophet said,
الْمُقْسِطُونَ عِنْدَ اللهِ عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الرَّحْمنِ وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا
Verily, the just will be with Allah on podiums of light, to the right of Ar-Rahman, and both of His Hands are right. They are those who are just and fair in their judgement and with their families and those whom they are responsible for.
Muslim and An-Nasa’i also recorded this Hadith.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Qamar. All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and success and immunity from error come from Him
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