أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book# 779)
Sura:- Al-Hijr
Sura: 15
Verses :- 26-50
[ وَ لَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا الۡاِنۡسَانَ
And We did certainly create man.]
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وَ لَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا الۡاِنۡسَانَ مِنۡ صَلۡصَالٍ مِّنۡ حَمَاٍ مَّسۡنُوۡنٍ ﴿ۚ۲۶﴾
And We did certainly create man out of clay from an altered black mud.
وَ الۡجَآنَّ خَلَقۡنٰہُ مِنۡ قَبۡلُ مِنۡ نَّارِ السَّمُوۡمِ ﴿۲۷﴾
And the jinn We created before from scorching fire.
وَ اِذۡ قَالَ رَبُّکَ لِلۡمَلٰٓئِکَۃِ اِنِّیۡ خَالِقٌۢ بَشَرًا مِّنۡ صَلۡصَالٍ مِّنۡ حَمَاٍ مَّسۡنُوۡنٍ ﴿۲۸﴾
And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the angels, “I will create a human being out of clay from an altered black mud.
فَاِذَا سَوَّیۡتُہٗ وَ نَفَخۡتُ فِیۡہِ مِنۡ رُّوۡحِیۡ فَقَعُوۡا لَہٗ سٰجِدِیۡنَ ﴿۲۹﴾
And when I have proportioned him and breathed into him of My [created] soul, then fall down to him in prostration.”
فَسَجَدَ الۡمَلٰٓئِکَۃُ کُلُّہُمۡ اَجۡمَعُوۡنَ ﴿ۙ۳۰﴾
So the angels prostrated – all of them entirely,
اِلَّاۤ اِبۡلِیۡسَ ؕ اَبٰۤی اَنۡ یَّکُوۡنَ مَعَ السّٰجِدِیۡنَ ﴿۳۱﴾
Except Iblees, he refused to be with those who prostrated.
قَالَ یٰۤـاِبۡلِیۡسُ مَا لَکَ اَلَّا تَکُوۡنَ مَعَ السّٰجِدِیۡنَ ﴿۳۲﴾
[ Allah ] said, O Iblees, what is [the matter] with you that you are not with those who prostrate?”
قَالَ لَمۡ اَکُنۡ لِّاَسۡجُدَ لِبَشَرٍ خَلَقۡتَہٗ مِنۡ صَلۡصَالٍ مِّنۡ حَمَاٍ مَّسۡنُوۡنٍ ﴿۳۳﴾
He said, “Never would I prostrate to a human whom You created out of clay from an altered black mud.”
قَالَ فَاخۡرُجۡ مِنۡہَا فَاِنَّکَ رَجِیۡمٌ ﴿ۙ۳۴﴾
[ Allah ] said, “Then get out of it, for indeed, you are expelled.
وَّ اِنَّ عَلَیۡکَ اللَّعۡنَۃَ اِلٰی یَوۡمِ الدِّیۡنِ ﴿۳۵﴾
And indeed, upon you is the curse until the Day of Recompense.”
قَالَ رَبِّ فَاَنۡظِرۡنِیۡۤ اِلٰی یَوۡمِ یُبۡعَثُوۡنَ ﴿۳۶﴾
He said,”My Lord, then reprieve me until the Day they are resurrected.”
قَالَ فَاِنَّکَ مِنَ الۡمُنۡظَرِیۡنَ ﴿ۙ۳۷﴾
[ Allah ] said, “So indeed, you are of those reprieved
اِلٰی یَوۡمِ الۡوَقۡتِ الۡمَعۡلُوۡمِ ﴿۳۸﴾
Until the Day of the time well-known.”
قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَاۤ اَغۡوَیۡتَنِیۡ لَاُزَیِّنَنَّ لَہُمۡ فِی الۡاَرۡضِ وَ لَاُغۡوِیَنَّہُمۡ اَجۡمَعِیۡنَ ﴿ۙ۳۹﴾
[Iblees] said, “My Lord, because You have put me in error, I will surely make [disobedience] attractive to them on earth, and I will mislead them all.
اِلَّا عِبَادَکَ مِنۡہُمُ الۡمُخۡلَصِیۡنَ ﴿۴۰﴾
Except, among them, Your chosen servants.”
قَالَ ہٰذَا صِرَاطٌ عَلَیَّ مُسۡتَقِیۡمٌ ﴿۴۱﴾
[ Allah ] said, “This is a path [of return] to Me [that is] straight.
اِنَّ عِبَادِیۡ لَیۡسَ لَکَ عَلَیۡہِمۡ سُلۡطٰنٌ اِلَّا مَنِ اتَّبَعَکَ مِنَ الۡغٰوِیۡنَ ﴿۴۲﴾
Indeed, My servants – no authority will you have over them, except those who follow you of the deviators.
وَ اِنَّ جَہَنَّمَ لَمَوۡعِدُہُمۡ اَجۡمَعِیۡنَ ﴿۟ۙ۴۳﴾
And indeed, Hell is the promised place for them all.
لَہَا سَبۡعَۃُ اَبۡوَابٍ ؕ لِکُلِّ بَابٍ مِّنۡہُمۡ جُزۡءٌ مَّقۡسُوۡمٌ ﴿٪۴۴﴾
It has seven gates; for every gate is of them a portion designated.”
اِنَّ الۡمُتَّقِیۡنَ فِیۡ جَنّٰتٍ وَّ عُیُوۡنٍ ﴿ؕ۴۵﴾
Indeed, the righteous will be within gardens and springs.
اُدۡخُلُوۡہَا بِسَلٰمٍ اٰمِنِیۡنَ ﴿۴۶﴾
[Having been told], “Enter it in peace, safe [and secure].”
وَ نَزَعۡنَا مَا فِیۡ صُدُوۡرِہِمۡ مِّنۡ غِلٍّ اِخۡوَانًا عَلٰی سُرُرٍ مُّتَقٰبِلِیۡنَ ﴿۴۷﴾
And We will remove whatever is in their breasts of resentment, [so they will be] brothers, on thrones facing each other.
لَا یَمَسُّہُمۡ فِیۡہَا نَصَبٌ وَّ مَا ہُمۡ مِّنۡہَا بِمُخۡرَجِیۡنَ ﴿۴۸﴾
No fatigue will touch them therein, nor from it will they [ever] be removed.
نَبِّیٴۡ عِبَادِیۡۤ اَنِّیۡۤ اَنَا الۡغَفُوۡرُ الرَّحِیۡمُ ﴿ۙ۴۹﴾
[O Muhammad], inform My servants that it is I who am the Forgiving, the Merciful.
وَ اَنَّ عَذَابِیۡ ہُوَ الۡعَذَابُ الۡاَلِیۡمُ ﴿۵۰﴾
And that it is My punishment which is the painful punishment.
সুরা: হিজর
সুরা:১৫
২৬-৫০ নং আয়াত:-
English Tafsir:-
Tafsir Ibn Kathir:-
Sura:- Al-Hijr
Sura: 15
Verses :- 26-50
[ وَ لَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا الۡاِنۡسَانَ
And We did certainly create man.]
www.motaher21.net
The Substances from which Mankind and Jinns were created
Allah says:
وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الاِنسَانَ مِن صَلْصَالٍ مِّنْ حَمَإٍ مَّسْنُونٍ
وَالْجَأنَّ خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن قَبْلُ مِن نَّارِ السَّمُومِ
And indeed, We created man from dried (sounding) clay of altered mud. And the Jinn, We created earlier from the smokeless flame of fire.
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and Qatadah said that;
Salsal means dry mud.
The apparent meaning is similar to the Ayah:
خَلَقَ الاِنسَـنَ مِن صَلْصَـلٍ كَالْفَخَّارِ
وَخَلَقَ الْجَأنَّ مِن مَّارِجٍ مِّن نَّارٍ
He created man (Adam) from sounding clay like the potter’s clay, And He created the Jinns from a smokeless flame of fire. (55:14-15)
It was also reported from Mujahid that,
صَلْصَالٍ
(dried (sounding) clay) means “putrid”,
but it is more appropriate to interpret an Ayah with another Ayah.
مِّنْ حَمَإٍ مَّسْنُونٍ
of altered mud,
means the dried clay that comes from mud, which is soil.
“Altered” here means smooth.
وَالْجَأنَّ خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن قَبْلُ
And the Jinn, We created earlier,
means before creating humans.
مِن نَّارِ السَّمُومِ
from the smokeless flame of fire.
Ibn Abbas said,
“It is the smokeless flame that kills.”
Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi said that Shu`bah narrated to them from Abu Ishaq, who said:
“I visited `Umar Al-Asamm when he was sick, and he said:`Shall I not tell you a Hadith that I heard from Abdullah bin Mas`ud He said:
`This smokeless flame is one of the seventy parts of the smokeless fire from which the Jinn where created.
Then he recited,
وَالْجَأنَّ خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن قَبْلُ مِن نَّارِ السَّمُومِ
(And the Jinn, We created earlier from the smokeless flame of fire).”‘
The following is found in the Sahih,
خُلِقَتِ الْمَلَيِكَةُ مِنْ نُورٍ وَخُلِقَتِ الْجَانُّ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ وَخُلِقَ ادَمُ مِمَّا وُصِفَ لَكُم
The angels were created from light, the Jinn were created from a smokeless flame of fire, and Adam was created from that which has been described to you.
The Ayah is intended to point out the noble nature, good essence and pure origin of Adam
.The creation of Adam, the Command to the Angels to prostrate to Him, and the Rebellion of Iblis
Allah tells:
وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَيِكَةِ إِنِّي خَالِقٌ بَشَرًا مِّن صَلْصَالٍ مِّنْ حَمَإٍ مَّسْنُونٍ
فَإِذَا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِي فَقَعُواْ لَهُ سَاجِدِينَ
فَسَجَدَ الْمَليِكَةُ كُلُّهُمْ أَجْمَعُونَ
إِلاَّ إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى أَن يَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ
قَالَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ مَا لَكَ أَلاَّ تَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ
And (remember) when your Lord said to the angels:”I am going to create a man (Adam) from dried (sounding) clay of altered mud. So, when I have fashioned him completely and breathed into him (Adam) of My spirit (the soul which I created for him,) then fall down, prostrating yourselves before him.”
So the angels prostrated themselves, all of them together. Except Iblis (Shaytan) – he refused to be among the prostrate.
(Allah) said:”O Iblis! What is your reason for not being among the prostrate!”
Allah informs us of how He mentioned Adam to His angels before He created him, and how He honored him by commanding the angels to prostrate to him. He mentions how His enemy Iblis, amidst all the angels, refused to prostrate to him out of envy, disbelief, stubbornness, arrogance, and false pride. This is why Iblis said:
قَالَ لَمْ أَكُن لاَِّسْجُدَ لِبَشَرٍ خَلَقْتَهُ مِن صَلْصَالٍ مِّنْ حَمَإٍ مَّسْنُونٍ
(Iblis) said:I am not one to prostrate myself to a human, whom You created from dried (sounding) clay of altered mud.
this is like when he said,
أَنَاْ خَيْرٌ مِّنْهُ خَلَقْتَنِي مِن نَّارٍ وَخَلَقْتَهُ مِن طِين
I am better than him (Adam), You created me from Fire and him You created from clay. (7:12)
أَرَءَيْتَكَ هَـذَا الَّذِى كَرَّمْتَ عَلَىَّ
“Do you see this one whom You have honored above me…” (17:62).
The Expulsion of Iblis from Jannah, and His Reprieve until the Day of Resurrection
Allah tells:
قَالَ فَاخْرُجْ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّكَ رَجِيمٌ
وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ اللَّعْنَةَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الدِّينِ
قَالَ رَبِّ فَأَنظِرْنِي إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ
قَالَ فَإِنَّكَ مِنَ الْمُنظَرِينَ
إِلَى يَومِ الْوَقْتِ الْمَعْلُومِ
(Allah) said:”Then leave, for verily, you are an outcast. And verily, the curse shall be upon you until the Day of Recompense.”
(Iblis) said:”O my Lord! Then give me respite until the Day they (the dead) will be resurrected.”
Allah said:”Then verily, you are of those reprieved, Until the Day of the time appointed.”
Allah tells us how He issued an unconditional command to Iblis to leave the position he held among the highest of heights.
He told him that he was an outcast, i.e., cursed, and that he would be followed by a curse that would hound him until the Day of Resurrection.
It was reported that Sa`id bin Jubayr said:
“When Allah cursed Iblis, his image into something different from that of the angels, and he made a sound like a bell. Every bell that rings on this earth until the Day of Resurrection is part of that.”
This was reported by Ibn Abi Hatim.
The Threat of Iblis to tempt Mankind, and Allah’s Promise of Hell for him
Allah informed about the rebellion and arrogance of Iblis,
قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَأ أَغْوَيْتَنِي
(Iblis) said:”O my Lord! Because You misled me,
i.e., because You misled me and misguided me.
لاأُزَيِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ
I shall indeed adorn the path of error for them,
meaning, for the progeny of Adam.
فِي الَارْضِ
on the earth,
meaning – I will make sin dear to them, and will encourage, provoke and harass them to commit sin.
وَلاُغْوِيَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
and I shall mislead them all.
meaning – just as You have misled me and have ordained that for me.
إِلاَّ عِبَادَكَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخْلَصِينَ
Except Your chosen, (guided) servants among them.
This is like the Ayah:
أَرَءَيْتَكَ هَـذَا الَّذِى كَرَّمْتَ عَلَىَّ لَيِنْ أَخَّرْتَنِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَـمَةِ لَاحْتَنِكَنَّ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ إَلاَّ قَلِيلً
“Do you see this one whom You have honored above me, if You give me respite until the Day of Resurrection, I will surely seize and mislead his offspring, all but a few!” (17:62).
قَالَ
(Allah) said,
i.e., threatening and warning Iblis.
هَذَا صِرَاطٌ عَلَيَّ مُسْتَقِيمٌ
This is the way which will lead straight to Me.
means, `all of you will return to Me, and I will reward or punish you according to your deeds:if they are good then I will reward you, and if they are bad then I will punish you.’
This is like the Ayah:
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ
Verily, your Lord is ever watchful. (89:14)
وَعَلَى اللَّهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ
And it is up to Allah to show the right way. (16:9).
إِنَّ عِبَادِي لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانٌ
Certainly, you shall have no authority over My servants,
meaning, `you will have no way to reach those for whom I have decreed guidance.’
إِلاَّ مَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْغَاوِينَ
except those of the astray who follow you.
Ibn Jarir mentioned that Yazid bin Qusayt said:
“The Prophets used to have Masjids outside their cities, and if a Prophet wanted to consult with his Lord about something, he would go out to his place of worship and pray as Allah decreed. Then he would ask Him about whatever was concerning him.
Once while a Prophet was in his place of worship, the enemy of Allah – meaning Iblis – came and sat between him and the Qiblah (direction of prayer).
The Prophet said, `I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Shaytan.’
The enemy of Allah said, `Do you know who you are seeking refuge from? Here he is!’
The Prophet said, `I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Shaytan’, and he repeated that three times.
Then the enemy of Allah said, `Tell me about anything in which you will be saved from me.’
The Prophet twice said, `No, you tell me about something in which you can overpower the son of Adam?’
Each of them was insisting that the other answer first, then the Prophet said, Allah says,
إِنَّ عِبَادِي لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانٌ إِلاَّ مَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْغَاوِينَ
Certainly, you shall have no authority over My servants, except those of the astray who follow you.
The enemy of Allah said, `I heard this before you were even born.’
The Prophet said, `and Allah says,
وَإِمَّا يَنَزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَـنِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
And if an evil whisper comes to you from Shaytan then seek refuge with Allah. Verily, He is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (7:200)
By Allah, I never sense that you are near but I seek refuge with Allah from you.’
The enemy of Allah said, `You have spoken the truth. In this way you will be saved from me.’
The Prophet said, `Tell me in what ways you overpower the son of Adam.’
He said, `I seize him at times of anger and times of desire.’
وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمَوْعِدُهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
And surely, Hell is the place promised for them all.
meaning, Hell is the abode designated for all those who follow Iblis, as Allah says in the Qur’an:
وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ
but those of the sects (Jews, Christians and all the other non-Muslim nations) that reject it (the Qur’an), the Fire will be their promised meeting place. (11:17)
The Gates of Hell are Seven
Then Allah tells about Hell.
لَهَا سَبْعَةُ أَبْوَابٍ
It has seven gates,
لِّكُلِّ بَابٍ مِّنْهُمْ جُزْءٌ مَّقْسُومٌ
for each of those gates is a (special) class (of sinners) assigned.
means, for each gate a portion of the followers of Iblis have been decreed, and they will have no choice in the matter.
May Allah save us from that.
Each one will enter a gate according to his deeds, and will settle in a level of Hell according to his deeds.
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Samurah bin Jundub reported from the Prophet about,
لِّكُلِّ بَابٍ مِّنْهُمْ جُزْءٌ مَّقْسُومٌ
(for each of those gates is a class assigned), He said,
إِنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ مَنْ تَأْخُذُهُ النَّارُ إِلَى كَعْبَيْهِ وَإِنَّ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ تَأْخُذُهُ النَّارُ إِلَى حُجْزَتِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ تَأْخُذُهُ النَّارُ إِلَى تَرَاقِيه
Among the people of Hell are those whom the Fire will swallow up to the ankles, and those whom it will swallow up to the waist, and those whom it will swallow up to the collarbone.
The degree of which will depend upon their deeds.
This is like the Ayah;
لِكُلِّ بَابٍ مِّنْهُمْ جُزْءٌ مَّقْسُومٌ
for each of those gates is a class assigned.
Description of the People of Paradise
Since Allah mentioned the condition of the people of Hell, He followed that by mentioning the people of Paradise. He tells that they will dwell in Gardens and water springs.
إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ
Truly, those who have Taqwa, will dwell in Gardens and water springs.
ادْخُلُوهَا بِسَلَمٍ
Enter it in peace,
meaning free of all problems.
امِنِينَ
and security.
meaning free from all fear and concern. They will not have any fear of expulsion, nor will they fear that their condition will be disrupted or end.
وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِم مِّنْ غِلٍّ إِخْوَانًا عَلَى سُرُرٍ مُّتَقَابِلِينَ
And We shall remove any deep feeling of bitterness from their breasts. (So they will be like) brothers facing each other on thrones.
Al-Qasim narrated that Abu Umamah said:
“The people of Paradise will enter Paradise with whatever enmity is left in their hearts from this world. Then, when they come together, Allah will remove whatever hatred the world has left in their hearts.”
Then he recited:
وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِم مِّنْ غِلٍّ
(And We shall remove any deep feeling of bitterness from their breasts).
This is how it was narrated in this report, but Al-Qasim bin Abdur-Rahman is weak in his reports from Abu Umamah. However, this is in accord with the report in the Sahih where Qatadah says,
“Abu Al-Mutawakkil An-Naji told us that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri told them that the Messenger of Allah said:
يَخْلُصُ الْمُوْمِنُونَ مِنَ النَّارِ فَيُحْبَسُونَ عَلَى قَنْطَرَةٍ بَيْنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ فَيُقْتَصُّ لِبَعْضِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ مَظَالِمُ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى إِذَا هُذِّبُوا وَنُقُّوا أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي دُخُولِ الْجَنَّة
The believers will be removed from the Fire, and they will be detained on a bridge between Paradise and Hell. Then judgment will be passed between them concerning any wrong they have committed in this world against one another, until they are cleansed and purified. Then permission will be given to them to enter Paradise.
لَا يَمَسُّهُمْ فِيهَا نَصَبٌ
No sense of fatigue shall touch them,
meaning no harm or hardship, as was reported in the Sahihs:
أَنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُبَشِّرَ خَدِيجَةَ بِبَيْتٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ قَصَبٍ لَا صَخَبَ فِيهِ وَلَا نَصَب
Allah commanded me to tell Khadijah the good news of a jeweled palace in Paradise in which there will be no toil and no fatigue.
وَمَا هُم مِّنْهَا بِمُخْرَجِينَ
nor shall they (ever) be asked to leave it.
As was reported in the Hadith:
يُقَالُ يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ
إِنَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَصِحُّوا فَلَ تَمْرَضُوا أَبَدًا
وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَعِيشُوا فَلَإ تَمُوتُوا أَبَدًا
وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَشِبُّوا فَلَإ تَهْرَمُوا أَبَدًا
وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُقِيمُوا فَلَإ تَظْعُنُوا أَبَدًا
It will be said, O dwellers of Paradise!
You will be healthy and never fall sick;
you will live and never die;
you will be young and never grow old;
you will stay here and never leave.
Allah says:
خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلاً
Wherein they shall dwell (forever). They will have no desire to be removed from it. (18:108)
نَبِّىءْ عِبَادِي أَنِّي أَنَا الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ
وَ أَنَّ عَذَابِي هُوَ الْعَذَابُ الَالِيمَ
Declare to My servants, that I am truly the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. And that My torment is indeed the most painful torment.
meaning, `O Muhammad, tell My servants that I am the source of mercy and I am the source of punishment.’
Similar Ayat to this have already been quoted above, which indicate that we must always be in a state between hope (for Allah’s mercy) and fear (of His punishment).