أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book# 780)
Sura:- Al-Hijr
Sura: 15
Verses :- 51-77
[ قَوۡمٍ مُّجۡرِمِیۡنَ
A people of criminals,]
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وَ نَبِّئۡہُمۡ عَنۡ ضَیۡفِ اِبۡرٰہِیۡمَ ﴿ۘ۵۱﴾
And inform them about the guests of Abraham,
اِذۡ دَخَلُوۡا عَلَیۡہِ فَقَالُوۡا سَلٰمًا ؕ قَالَ اِنَّا مِنۡکُمۡ وَجِلُوۡنَ ﴿۵۲﴾
When they entered upon him and said, “Peace.” [Abraham] said, “Indeed, we are fearful of you.”
قَالُوۡا لَا تَوۡجَلۡ اِنَّا نُبَشِّرُکَ بِغُلٰمٍ عَلِیۡمٍ ﴿۵۳﴾
[The angels] said, “Fear not. Indeed, we give you good tidings of a learned boy.”
قَالَ اَبَشَّرۡتُمُوۡنِیۡ عَلٰۤی اَنۡ مَّسَّنِیَ الۡکِبَرُ فَبِمَ تُبَشِّرُوۡنَ ﴿۵۴﴾
He said, “Have you given me good tidings although old age has come upon me? Then of what [wonder] do you inform?”
قَالُوۡا بَشَّرۡنٰکَ بِالۡحَقِّ فَلَا تَکُنۡ مِّنَ الۡقٰنِطِیۡنَ ﴿۵۵﴾
They said, “We have given you good tidings in truth, so do not be of the despairing.”
قَالَ وَ مَنۡ یَّقۡنَطُ مِنۡ رَّحۡمَۃِ رَبِّہٖۤ اِلَّا الضَّآلُّوۡنَ ﴿۵۶﴾
He said, “And who despairs of the mercy of his Lord except for those astray?”
قَالَ فَمَا خَطۡبُکُمۡ اَیُّہَا الۡمُرۡسَلُوۡنَ ﴿۵۷﴾
[Abraham] said, “Then what is your business [here], O messengers?”
قَالُوۡۤا اِنَّاۤ اُرۡسِلۡنَاۤ اِلٰی قَوۡمٍ مُّجۡرِمِیۡنَ ﴿ۙ۵۸﴾
They said, “Indeed, we have been sent to a people of criminals,
اِلَّاۤ اٰلَ لُوۡطٍ ؕ اِنَّا لَمُنَجُّوۡہُمۡ اَجۡمَعِیۡنَ ﴿ۙ۵۹﴾
Except the family of Lot; indeed, we will save them all.
اِلَّا امۡرَاَتَہٗ قَدَّرۡنَاۤ ۙ اِنَّہَا لَمِنَ الۡغٰبِرِیۡنَ ﴿٪۶۰﴾
Except his wife.” Allah decreed that she is of those who remain behind.
فَلَمَّا جَآءَ اٰلَ لُوۡطِۣ الۡمُرۡسَلُوۡنَ ﴿ۙ۶۱﴾
And when the messengers came to the family of Lot,
قَالَ اِنَّکُمۡ قَوۡمٌ مُّنۡکَرُوۡنَ ﴿۶۲﴾
He said, “Indeed, you are people unknown.”
قَالُوۡا بَلۡ جِئۡنٰکَ بِمَا کَانُوۡا فِیۡہِ یَمۡتَرُوۡنَ ﴿۶۳﴾
They said, “But we have come to you with that about which they were disputing,
وَ اَتَیۡنٰکَ بِالۡحَقِّ وَ اِنَّا لَصٰدِقُوۡنَ ﴿۶۴﴾
And we have come to you with truth, and indeed, we are truthful.
فَاَسۡرِ بِاَہۡلِکَ بِقِطۡعٍ مِّنَ الَّیۡلِ وَ اتَّبِعۡ اَدۡبَارَہُمۡ وَ لَا یَلۡتَفِتۡ مِنۡکُمۡ اَحَدٌ وَّ امۡضُوۡا حَیۡثُ تُؤۡمَرُوۡنَ ﴿۶۵﴾
So set out with your family during a portion of the night and follow behind them and let not anyone among you look back and continue on to where you are commanded.”
وَ قَضَیۡنَاۤ اِلَیۡہِ ذٰلِکَ الۡاَمۡرَ اَنَّ دَابِرَ ہٰۤؤُلَآءِ مَقۡطُوۡعٌ مُّصۡبِحِیۡنَ ﴿۶۶﴾
And We conveyed to him [the decree] of that matter: that those [sinners] would be eliminated by early morning.
وَ جَآءَ اَہۡلُ الۡمَدِیۡنَۃِ یَسۡتَبۡشِرُوۡنَ ﴿۶۷﴾
And the people of the city came rejoicing.
قَالَ اِنَّ ہٰۤؤُلَآءِ ضَیۡفِیۡ فَلَا تَفۡضَحُوۡنِ ﴿ۙ۶۸﴾
[Lot] said, “Indeed, these are my guests, so do not shame me.
وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰہَ وَ لَا تُخۡزُوۡنِ ﴿۶۹﴾
And fear Allah and do not disgrace me.”
قَالُوۡۤا اَوَ لَمۡ نَنۡہَکَ عَنِ الۡعٰلَمِیۡنَ ﴿۷۰﴾
They said, “Have we not forbidden you from [protecting] people?”
قَالَ ہٰۤؤُلَآءِ بَنٰتِیۡۤ اِنۡ کُنۡتُمۡ فٰعِلِیۡنَ ﴿ؕ۷۱﴾
[Lot] said, “These are my daughters – if you would be doers [of lawful marriage].”
لَعَمۡرُکَ اِنَّہُمۡ لَفِیۡ سَکۡرَتِہِمۡ یَعۡمَہُوۡنَ ﴿۷۲﴾
By your life, [O Muhammad], indeed they were, in their intoxication, wandering blindly.
فَاَخَذَتۡہُمُ الصَّیۡحَۃُ مُشۡرِقِیۡنَ ﴿ۙ۷۳﴾
So the shriek seized them at sunrise.
فَجَعَلۡنَا عَالِیَہَا سَافِلَہَا وَ اَمۡطَرۡنَا عَلَیۡہِمۡ حِجَارَۃً مِّنۡ سِجِّیۡلٍ ﴿ؕ۷۴﴾
And We made the highest part [of the city] its lowest and rained upon them stones of hard clay.
اِنَّ فِیۡ ذٰلِکَ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّلۡمُتَوَسِّمِیۡنَ ﴿۷۵﴾
Indeed in that are signs for those who discern.
وَ اِنَّہَا لَبِسَبِیۡلٍ مُّقِیۡمٍ ﴿۷۶﴾
And indeed, those cities are [situated] on an established road.
اِنَّ فِیۡ ذٰلِکَ لَاٰیَۃً لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ ﴿ؕ۷۷﴾
Indeed in that is a sign for the believers.
সুরা: হিজর
সুরা:১৫
৫১-৭৭ নং আয়াত:-
English Tafsir:-
Tafsir Ibn Kathir:-
Sura:- Al-Hijr
Sura: 15
Verses :- 51-77
[ قَوۡمٍ مُّجۡرِمِیۡنَ
A people of criminals,]
The Guests of Ibrahim and their Good News of a Son for Him
Allah says:
وَنَبِّيْهُمْ عَن
And tell them about,
Allah is saying:`Tell them, O Muhammad, about the story of,
ضَيْفِ إِبْراَهِيمَ
إِذْ
.
the guests of Ibrahim. When,
دَخَلُواْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُواْ سَلمًا قَالَ إِنَّا مِنكُمْ وَجِلُونَ
they entered upon him, and said:”Salaman (peace!).”
He said:”Indeed we are frightened of you.”
meaning that they were scared. The reason for their fear has been mentioned previously, which is that they noticed that these guests did not eat of the food that was offered, which was a fattened calf.
قَالُواْ لَا تَوْجَلْ
They said:”Do not be afraid!…”
meaning, do not be scared.
إِنَّا نُبَشِّرُكَ بِغُلمٍ عَلِيمٍ
We bring you the good news of a boy possessing much knowledge and wisdom.
this refers to Ishaq, as was previously mentioned in Surah Hud. Then,
قَالَ
He said,
meaning he spoke with wonder and astonishment, asking for confirmation, because he was old and his wife was old:
أَبَشَّرْتُمُونِي عَلَى أَن مَّسَّنِيَ الْكِبَرُ فَبِمَ تُبَشِّرُونَ
Do you give me this good news while old age has overtaken me! Of what then is your news about!
They responded by confirming the good news they had brought, good news after good news:
قَالُواْ بَشَّرْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ فَلَ تَكُن مِّنَ الْقَانِطِينَ
They said:”We give you good news in truth. So do not be of those who despair.”
قَالَ وَمَن يَقْنَطُ مِن رَّحْمَةِ رَبِّهِ إِلاَّ الضَّألُّونَ
He said:”And who despairs of the mercy of his Lord except those who are astray!
The Reason why the Angels came
Allah tells:
قَالَ فَمَا خَطْبُكُمْ أَيُّهَا الْمُرْسَلُونَ
He said:”What then is the business for which you have come, O messengers!”
Allah tells us that after Ibrahim had calmed down from the excitement of this good news, he started to ask them why they had come to him.
قَالُواْ إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَى قَوْمٍ مُّجْرِمِينَ
They said, “Indeed, we have been sent to a people of criminals,
(All) except the family of Lut, all of whom we are to save (from the destruction).
They told him that they were going to save the family of Lut from among those people, except for his wife, because she was one of those who were doomed.
Thus it was said,
إِلاَّ امْرَأَتَهُ قَدَّرْنَا إِنَّهَا لَمِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ
Except for his wife, of whom We have decreed that she shall be of those who remain behind.
i.e., she was one of those who would be left behind and will be destroyed.
The Angels coming to Lut
Allah tells:
فَلَمَّا جَاء الَ لُوطٍ الْمُرْسَلُونَ
Then when the messengers (the angels) came to the family of Lut,
Allah tells us about when the angels came to Lut in the form of young men with handsome faces. When they entered his home,
قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ مُّنكَرُونَ
قَالُواْ بَلْ جِيْنَاكَ بِمَا كَانُواْ فِيهِ يَمْتَرُونَ
He said:”Verily, you are people unknown to me.”
They said:”Nay, we have come to you with that (torment) which they have been doubting.”
meaning that they were bringing the punishment and destruction that the people doubted they would ever suffer from.
وَأَتَيْنَاكَ بَالْحَقِّ
And we have brought you the truth,
It is like the Ayah,
مَا نُنَزِّلُ الْمَلَـيِكَةَ إِلاَّ بِالحَقِّ
We do not send the angels down except with the truth. (15:8)
وَإِنَّا لَصَادِقُونَ
and certainly, we tell the truth.
They said this in affirmation of the news that they brought him, that he would be saved and his people would be destroyed.
Lut is ordered to leave with His Family during the Night
Allah tells:
فَأَسْرِ بِأَهْلِكَ بِقِطْعٍ مِّنَ اللَّيْلِ وَاتَّبِعْ أَدْبَارَهُمْ
Then travel for a portion of the night with your family, and you go behind them in the rear,
Allah tells us that His angels ordered Lut to set out after part of the night had passed. They told him to walk behind them, to protect them. Similarly, the Messenger of Allah would walk in the rear of the army on military campaigns, in order to help the weak and carry those who had no means of transport.
وَلَا يَلْتَفِتْ مِنكُمْ أَحَدٌ
and let no one amongst you look back,
meaning – when you hear the people screaming from their torment, do not turn around to look at them; leave them to face whatever punishment and vengeance is coming to them.
وَامْضُواْ حَيْثُ تُوْمَرُونَ
but go on to where you are ordered.
it is as if they had a guide with them to show them the way.
وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ الَامْرَ
And We made this decree known to him,
meaning – We already told him about that.
أَنَّ دَابِرَ هَوُلاء مَقْطُوعٌ مُّصْبِحِينَ
that those (sinners) would be rooted out in the early morning.
meaning in the morning, as in another Ayah:
إِنَّ مَوْعِدَهُمُ الصُّبْحُ أَلَيْسَ الصُّبْحُ بِقَرِيبٍ
Indeed, morning is their appointed time. Is not the morning near! (11:81).
The People of the City arrive upon the Angels, thinking that they are Men
Allah tells:
وَجَاء أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ
And the inhabitants of the city came rejoicing.
Allah tells us about how Lut’s people came to him when they found out about his handsome guests, and they came happily rejoicing about them.
قَالَ إِنَّ هَوُلاء ضَيْفِي فَلَ تَفْضَحُونِ
وَاتَّقُوا اللّهَ وَلَا تُخْزُونِ
(Lut) said:”Verily, these are my guests, so do not shame me. And have Taqwa of Allah, and do not disgrace me.”
This is what Lut said to them before he knew that his guests were messengers from Allah, as mentioned in Surah Hud, but here (in this Surah), we have already been told that they are messengers from Allah, and this is followed by an account of Lut’s people coming and his exchange with them.
However, here the conjunction (wa, meaning “and”) does not imply the sequence of events, especially since there is something to indicate that this is not the case.
They said answering him,
قَالُوا أَوَلَمْ نَنْهَكَ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ
They said:Did we not forbid you from entertaining (or protecting) any of the `Alamin!
meaning, `did we not tell you that you should not have anyone as a guest!’
قَالَ هَوُلاء بَنَاتِي إِن كُنتُمْ فَاعِلِينَ
(Lut) said:”These are my daughters, if you must act (so).”
He reminded them about their womenfolk and what their Lord had created for them in the women of permissible sexual relationships.
This issue has already been explained and is no need to repeat the discussion here. All of this happened while they were still unaware of the inevitable calamity and punishment that was about to befall them the following morning.
Hence Allah, may He be exalted, said to Muhammad,
لَعَمْرُكَ إِنَّهُمْ لَفِي سَكْرَتِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
Verily, by your life, in their wild intoxication, they were wandering blindly.
Allah swore by the life of His Prophet, which is an immense honor reflecting his high rank and noble status.
Amr bin Malik An-Nakari reported from Abu Al-Jawza’ that Ibn Abbas said:
“Allah has never created or made or formed any soul that is dearer to him than Muhammad. I never heard that Allah swore by the life of anyone else.
Allah says,
لَعَمْرُكَ إِنَّهُمْ لَفِي سَكْرَتِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
Verily, by your life, in their wild intoxication, they were wandering blindly.
meaning, by your life and the length of your stay in this world,
This was reported by Ibn Jarir.
Qatadah said:
لَفِي سَكْرَتِهِمْ
(in their wild intoxication),
“It means – in their misguided state;
يَعْمَهُونَ
(they were wandering blindly),
means – they were playing.”
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said:
لَعَمْرُكَ
(Verily, by your life),
means by your life,
and
إِنَّهُمْ لَفِي سَكْرَتِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
(in their wild intoxication, they were wandering blindly),
means that they were confused.
The Destruction of the People of Lut
Allah said;
فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّيْحَةُ مُشْرِقِينَ
So the Sayhah overtook them at the time of sunrise.
This is the piercing sound that came to them when the sun rose, which was accompanied by the city being flipped upside down, and stones of baked clay (As-Sijjil) raining down upon them.
فَجَعَلْنَا عَالِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حِجَارَةً مِّن سِجِّيلٍ
And We turned them upside down and rained stones of baked clay upon them.
The discussion of As-Sijjil in Surah Hud is a sufficient explanation.
Allah said:
إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لايَاتٍ لِّلْمُتَوَسِّمِينَ
Surely, in this are signs for those who see.
meaning that the traces of the destruction of that city are easily visible to any one who ponder about it, whether they look at it with physical eyesight or mental and spiritual insight, as Mujahid said concerning the phrase,
لِّلْمُتَوَسِّمِينَ
(those who see) he said,
“those who have insight and discernment.”
It was reported from Ibn Abbas and Ad-Dahhak that;
it referred to those who look.
Qatadah said:
“those who learn lessons.”
لِّلْمُتَوَسِّمِينَ
(those who see),
therefore the meaning is “those who ponder.”
The City of Sodom on the Highroad
Allah tells;
وَإِنَّهَا لَبِسَبِيلٍ مُّقيمٍ
And verily, they were right on the highroad.
meaning that the city of Sodom, which was physically and spiritually turned upside down, and pelted with stones until it became a foul smelling lake (the Dead Sea), is on a route that is easily accessible until the present day.
This is like the Ayah,
وَإِنَّكُمْ لَّتَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مُّصْبِحِينَ
وَبِالَّيْلِ أَفَلَ تَعْقِلُونَ
Verily, you pass by them in the morning, and at night. Will you not then reflect! (37:137-138)
إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لايَةً لِّلْمُومِنِينَ
Surely, there is indeed a sign in that for the believers.
meaning, `All that We did to the people of Lut, from the destruction and the vengeance, to how We saved Lut and his family, these are clear signs to those who believe in Allah and His Messengers..