أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book# 825)
English Tafsir:-
Tafsir Ibn Kathir:-
Sura:- An-Nahl
Sura: 16
Verses :- 110-113
[ وَضَرَبَ اللّهُ مَثَلً قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ امِنَةً مُّطْمَيِنَّةً
And Allah gives the example of a township (Makkah), it was secure and peaceful:its.]
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ثُمَّ اِنَّ رَبَّکَ لِلَّذِیۡنَ ہَاجَرُوۡا مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ مَا فُتِنُوۡا ثُمَّ جٰہَدُوۡا وَ صَبَرُوۡۤا ۙ اِنَّ رَبَّکَ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِہَا لَغَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِیۡمٌ ﴿۱۱۰﴾٪
Then, indeed your Lord, to those who emigrated after they had been compelled [to renounce their religion] and thereafter fought [for the cause of Allah ] and were patient – indeed, your Lord, after that, is Forgiving and Merciful
یَوۡمَ تَاۡتِیۡ کُلُّ نَفۡسٍ تُجَادِلُ عَنۡ نَّفۡسِہَا وَ تُوَفّٰی کُلُّ نَفۡسٍ مَّا عَمِلَتۡ وَ ہُمۡ لَا یُظۡلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۱۱۱﴾
On the Day when every soul will come disputing for itself, and every soul will be fully compensated for what it did, and they will not be wronged.
وَ ضَرَبَ اللّٰہُ مَثَلًا قَرۡیَۃً کَانَتۡ اٰمِنَۃً مُّطۡمَئِنَّۃً یَّاۡتِیۡہَا رِزۡقُہَا رَغَدًا مِّنۡ کُلِّ مَکَانٍ فَکَفَرَتۡ بِاَنۡعُمِ اللّٰہِ فَاَذَاقَہَا اللّٰہُ لِبَاسَ الۡجُوۡعِ وَ الۡخَوۡفِ بِمَا کَانُوۡا یَصۡنَعُوۡنَ ﴿۱۱۲﴾
And Allah presents an example: a city which was safe and secure, its provision coming to it in abundance from every location, but it denied the favors of Allah . So Allah made it taste the envelopment of hunger and fear for what they had been doing.
وَ لَقَدۡ جَآءَہُمۡ رَسُوۡلٌ مِّنۡہُمۡ فَکَذَّبُوۡہُ فَاَخَذَہُمُ الۡعَذَابُ وَ ہُمۡ ظٰلِمُوۡنَ ﴿۱۱۳﴾
And there had certainly come to them a Messenger from among themselves, but they denied him; so punishment overtook them while they were wrongdoers.
(Book# 825)
English Tafsir:-
Tafsir Ibn Kathir:-
Sura:- An-Nahl
Sura: 16
Verses :- 110-113
[ وَضَرَبَ اللّهُ مَثَلً قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ امِنَةً مُّطْمَيِنَّةً
And Allah gives the example of a township (Makkah), it was secure and peaceful:its.]
www.motaher21.net
Tafsir Ibne Kasir said:-
The One who is forced to renounce Islam will be forgiven if He does Righteous Deeds afterwards
Allah says:
ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُواْ مِن بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُواْ ثُمَّ جَاهَدُواْ وَصَبَرُواْ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِن بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Then, verily, your Lord for those who emigrated after they were put to trials and then performed Jihad, and were patient, – after this, your Lord is indeed Forgiving, Most Merciful.
This refers to another group of people who were oppressed in Makkah and whose position with their own people was weak, so they went along with them when they were tried by them. Then they managed to escape by emigrating, leaving their homeland, families and wealth behind, seeking the pleasure and forgiveness of Allah. They joined the believers and fought with them against the disbelievers, bearing hardship with patience.
Allah tells them that after this, meaning after their giving in when put to the test, He will forgive them and show mercy to them when they are resurrected.
يَوْمَ تَأْتِي كُلُّ نَفْسٍ تُجَادِلُ
(Remember) the Day when every person will come pleading,
meaning making a case in his own defence.
عَن نَّفْسِهَا
for himself,
means, no one else will plead on his behalf; not his father, not his son, nor his brother, nor his wife.
وَتُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا عَمِلَتْ
and every one will be paid in full for what he did,
meaning whatever he did, good or evil.
وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ
and they will not be dealt with unjustly.
meaning there will be no decrease in the reward for good, and no increase in the punishment for evil. They will not be dealt with unjustly in the slightest way.
The Example of Makkah
Allah says:
وَضَرَبَ اللّهُ مَثَلً قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ امِنَةً مُّطْمَيِنَّةً
And Allah gives the example of a township (Makkah), it was secure and peaceful:its provision coming to it in abundance from every place, but it (its people) denied the favors of Allah. So Allah made it taste extreme hunger (famine) and fear, because of what they did.
This example refers to the people of Makkah, which had been secure, peaceful and stable, a secure sanctuary while men were being snatched away from everywhere outside of it. Whoever entered Makkah, he was safe, and he had no need to fear, as Allah said:
وَقَالُواْ إِن نَّتَّبِعِ الْهُدَى مَعَكَ نُتَخَطَّفْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَأ أَوَلَمْ نُمَكِّن لَّهُمْ حَرَماً ءَامِناً يُجْبَى إِلَيْهِ ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ رِّزْقاً مِّن لَّدُنَّا
And they say:”If we follow the guidance with you, we would be snatched away from our land.”
Have We not established a secure sanctuary (Makkah) for them, to which are brought fruits of all kinds, a provision from Ourselves. (28:57)
Similarly, Allah says here:
يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا
its provision coming to it in abundance,
meaning, with ease and in plenty,
مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللّهِ
from every place, but it (its people) denied the favors of Allah.
meaning, they denied the blessings of Allah towards them, the greatest of which was Muhammad being sent to them, as Allah said:
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُواْ نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّواْ قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ
جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا وَبِيْسَ الْقَرَارُ
Have you not seen those who have changed the favors of Allah into disbelief, and caused their people to dwell in the abode of destruction; Hell, in which they will burn, – and what an evil place to settle in! (14:28-29).
Hence Allah replaced their former blessings with the opposite, and said:
فَأَذَاقَهَا اللّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ
So Allah made it taste extreme hunger (famine) and fear,
meaning, He inflicted it and made them taste of hunger after fruits of all kinds and provision in abundance from every place had been brought to it.
This was when they defied the Messenger of Allah and insisted on opposing him, so he supplicated against them, asking Allah to send them seven years like the seven years of Yusuf (i.e., seven years of famine), and they were stricken with a year in which everything that they had was destroyed, and they ate `Alhaz’, which is the hair of the camel mixed with its blood when it is slaughtered.
بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ
because of what they did.
وَالْخَوْفِ
(and fear),
This refers to the fact that their sense of security was replaced with fear of the Messenger of Allah and his Companions after they had migrated to Al-Madinah. They feared the power and the attack of his armies, and they started to lose and face the destruction of everything that belonged to them, until Allah made it possible for His Messenger to conquer Makkah. This happened because of their evil deeds, their wrongdoing and their rejection of the Messenger that Allah sent to them from among themselves.
He reminded them of this blessing in the Ayah:
لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُومِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ
Indeed, Allah blessed the believers when He sent Messenger from among themselves to them. (3:164)
and,
فَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ يأُوْلِى الَالْبَـبِ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ قَدْ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْراًرَسُولاً
So have Taqwa of Allah! O men of understanding who have believed, Allah has indeed revealed to you a reminder (this Qur’an). (And has also sent to you) a Messenger. (65:10-11)
and,
كَمَأ أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْكُمْ يَتْلُواْ عَلَيْكُمْ ايَـتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ
Similarly (as a blessing), We have sent a Messenger to you from among you, reciting Our Ayat to you, and purifying you, and teaching you the Book (the Qur’an) and the Hikmah (i.e. Sunnah).) Until
وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ
(and do not be ungrateful). (2:151-152)
Allah changed the situation of the disbelievers and made it the opposite of what it had been, so they lived in fear after being secure, they were hungry after having plenty of provisions. After the believers lived in fear, Allah granted them security, giving them ample provisions after they lived in poverty, making them rulers, governors and leaders of mankind.
This is what we say about the example that was given of the people of Makkah.
It was also the opinion of Al-Awfi and Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and Malik narrated it from Az-Zuhri as well.
May Allah have mercy on them all.
وَلَقَدْ جَاءهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ
There has come to them a Messenger from among themselves, but they denied him, so the torment seized them while they were wrongdoers.