أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#898)
Sura:19
Sura: Maryam.
Ayat: 41-50
[ وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
And mention in the Book, Ibrahim.]
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19:41
وَ اذۡکُرۡ فِی الۡکِتٰبِ اِبۡرٰہِیۡمَ ۬ؕ اِنَّہٗ کَانَ صِدِّیۡقًا نَّبِیًّا ﴿۴۱﴾
And mention in the Book [the story of] Abraham. Indeed, he was a man of truth and a prophet.
Ibrahim’s Admonition of His Father
Allah, the Exalted, tells His Prophet, Muhammad,
وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
And mention in the Book, Ibrahim.
“Recite this to your people who are worshipping idols and mention to them what happened with Ibrahim, the intimate Friend (Khalil) of the Most Beneficent. These idol worshippers (Arabs) are his descendants and they claim to follow his religion.
إِنَّهُ كَانَ صِدِّيقًا نَّبِيًّا
Verily, he was a man of truth, a Prophet.
Inform them that he was a truthful Prophet.
Tell them about what took place with his father and how he forbade him from worshipping idols.
19:42
اِذۡ قَالَ لِاَبِیۡہِ یٰۤاَبَتِ لِمَ تَعۡبُدُ مَا لَا یَسۡمَعُ وَ لَا یُبۡصِرُ وَ لَا یُغۡنِیۡ عَنۡکَ شَیۡئًا ﴿۴۲﴾
[Mention] when he said to his father, “O my father, why do you worship that which does not hear and does not see and will not benefit you at all?
إِذْ قَالَ لاَِبِيهِ
When he (Ibrahim ) said to his father:
يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ تَعْبُدُ مَا لَاا يَسْمَعُ وَلَاا يُبْصِرُ وَلَاا يُغْنِي عَنكَ شَيْيًا
O my father! Why do you worship that which hears not, sees not and cannot avail you in anything!
Meaning that these idols will not benefit you, nor can they protect you from any harm
19:43
یٰۤاَبَتِ اِنِّیۡ قَدۡ جَآءَنِیۡ مِنَ الۡعِلۡمِ مَا لَمۡ یَاۡتِکَ فَاتَّبِعۡنِیۡۤ اَہۡدِکَ صِرَاطًا سَوِیًّا ﴿۴۳﴾
O my father, indeed there has come to me of knowledge that which has not come to you, so follow me; I will guide you to an even path.
يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي قَدْ جَاءنِي مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِكَ
O my father! Verily, there has come to me the knowledge of that which came not unto you.
This means, “Even though I am from your loins and you see me as inferior to you because I am your son, know that I have received knowledge from Allah that you do not know and it has not reached you.”
فَاتَّبِعْنِي أَهْدِكَ صِرَاطًا سَوِيًّا
So follow me, I will guide you to the straight path.
meaning, “a straight that will carry you to the desired objective and save you from that which is dreaded (Hell).
19:44
یٰۤاَبَتِ لَا تَعۡبُدِ الشَّیۡطٰنَ ؕ اِنَّ الشَّیۡطٰنَ کَانَ لِلرَّحۡمٰنِ عَصِیًّا ﴿۴۴﴾
O my father, do not worship Satan. Indeed Satan has ever been, to the Most Merciful, disobedient.
يَا أَبَتِ لَاا تَعْبُدِ الشَّيْطَانَ
O my father! Worship not Shaytan.
This is means, “Do not obey him by worshipping these idols. He invites to this (idolatry) and he is pleased with it.”
This is as Allah says,
أَلَمْ أَعْهَدْ إِلَيْكُمْ يبَنِى ءَادَمَ أَن لاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ الشَّيطَـنَ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ
Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, that you should not worship Shaytan. Verily, he is a plain enemy to you. (36:60)
Allah also says,
إِن يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ إِلاَّ إِنَـثاً وَإِن يَدْعُونَ إِلاَّ شَيْطَـناً مَّرِيداً
They invoke nothing but females (idols) besides Him (Allah), and they invoke nothing but Shaytan, a persistent rebel! (4:117)
Concerning Allah’s statement,
إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ
كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَنِ عَصِيًّا
Verily, Shaytan has been a rebel against the Most Gracious.
This means obstinate and too arrogant to obey his Lord. Therefore, Allah expelled him and made him an outcast. Therefore, “do not follow him or you will become like him.
19:45
یٰۤاَبَتِ اِنِّیۡۤ اَخَافُ اَنۡ یَّمَسَّکَ عَذَابٌ مِّنَ الرَّحۡمٰنِ فَتَکُوۡنَ لِلشَّیۡطٰنِ وَلِیًّا ﴿۴۵﴾
O my father, indeed I fear that there will touch you a punishment from the Most Merciful so you would be to Satan a companion [in Hellfire].”
يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَن يَمَسَّكَ عَذَابٌ مِّنَ الرَّحْمَن
O my father! Verily, I fear lest a torment from the Most Gracious should overtake you,
“because of your associating partners with Allah and your disobedience in what I am commanding you with.”
فَتَكُونَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيًّا
so that you become a companion of Shaytan.
This means, “there will be no one who will protect you, or help you, or assist you, except Iblis. However, neither he, nor anyone else, has any power over the outcome of matters. Following him will only cause you to be surrounded by the torment (of Allah).”
This is as Allah says,
تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَأ إِلَى أُمَمٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَـِّنُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ فَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُمُ الْيَوْمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
By Allah, We indeed sent (Messengers) to the nations before you, but Shaytan made their deeds fair seeming to them. So he is their helper today (in this world), and theirs will be a painful torment. (16:63).
19:46
قَالَ اَرَاغِبٌ اَنۡتَ عَنۡ اٰلِہَتِیۡ یٰۤـاِبۡرٰہِیۡمُ ۚ لَئِنۡ لَّمۡ تَنۡتَہِ لَاَرۡجُمَنَّکَ وَ اہۡجُرۡنِیۡ مَلِیًّا ﴿۴۶﴾
[His father] said, “Have you no desire for my gods, O Abraham? If you do not desist, I will surely stone you, so avoid me a prolonged time.”
The Reply of Ibrahim’s Father
Allah, the Exalted, informs of the reply of Ibrahim’s father to his son, Ibrahim, in reference to what he was calling him to.
قَالَ
He (the father) said:
أَرَاغِبٌ أَنتَ عَنْ الِهَتِي يَا إِبْراهِيمُ لَيِن لَّمْ تَنتَهِ لَاَرْجُمَنَّكَ
Do you revile my gods, O Ibrahim! If you stop not (this), I will La’arjumannak.
This means, “If you do not want to worship them (the idols) and you are not pleased with them, then at least stop cursing, abusing, and reviling them. For verily, if you do not cease, I will punish you, curse you and revile you.”
This is the meaning of his statement;
لَاأَرْجُمَنَّكَ
(La’arjumannaka).
Ibn Abbas, As-Suddi, Ibn Jurayj, Ad-Dahhak and others said this.
Concerning His statement,
وَاهْجُرْنِي مَلِيًّا
So get away from me Maliyan.
Mujahid, Ikrimah, Sa`id bin Jubayr and Mujahid bin Ishaq all said,
“Maliyan means forever.”
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said,
“For a long time.”
As-Suddi said,
وَاهْجُرْنِي مَلِيًّا
(So get away from me safely Maliyan),
“This means forever.”
Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-Awfi both reported that Ibn Abbas said,
وَاهْجُرْنِي مَلِيًّا
(So get away from me safely Maliyan),
“This means to go away in peace and safety before you are afflicted with a punishment from me.”
Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, Atiyah Al-Jadali, Malik and others said the same.
This is also the view preferred by Ibn Jarir.
The Reply of Allah’s Friend (Khalil)
Allah tells
19:47
قَالَ سَلٰمٌ عَلَیۡکَ ۚ سَاَسۡتَغۡفِرُ لَکَ رَبِّیۡ ؕ اِنَّہٗ کَانَ بِیۡ حَفِیًّا ﴿۴۷﴾
[Abraham] said, “Peace will be upon you. I will ask forgiveness for you of my Lord. Indeed, He is ever gracious to me.
قَالَ
Ibrahim said:
With this, Ibrahim said to his father,
سَلَمٌ عَلَيْكَ
Peace be on you!
This is as Allah said concerning the description of the believers,
وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الجَـهِلُونَ قَالُواْ سَلَماً
and when the foolish address them (with bad words) they say, “Salaman (peace).” (25:63)
Allah also says,
وَإِذَا سَمِعُواْ اللَّغْوَ أَعْرَضُواْ عَنْهُ وَقَالُواْ لَنَأ أَعْمَـلُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَـلُكُمْ سَلَـمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا نَبْتَغِى الْجَـهِلِينَ
And when they hear Al-Laghw (false speech), they withdraw from it and say:”To us our deeds, and to you your deeds. Peace be to you. We seek not (the way of) the ignorant.” (28:55)
The meaning of Ibrahim’s statement to his father,
سَلَمٌ عَلَيْكَ
(Peace be on you!),
“You will not receive any insult or harm from me.”
This is due to the respect and honor of fatherhood.
سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّي
I will ask forgiveness of my Lord for you.
meaning “But, I will ask Allah to guide you and forgive you for your sin.”
إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِي حَفِيًّا
Verily, He is unto me Hafiyya.
Ibn Abbas and others said that Hafiyyan means, “Kind.”
Meaning, “since He guided me to worship Him and direct my religious devotion to Him alone.”
As-Suddi said,
“Al-Hafi is One Who is concerned with his (Ibrahim’s) affair.”
Thus, Ibrahim sought forgiveness for his father for a very long time, even after he migrated to Ash-Sham. He continued to seek forgiveness for him even after building the Sacred Masjid (in Makkah) and after the birth of his two sons, Ismail and Ishaq.
This can be seen in his statement,
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِى وَلِوَالِدَىَّ وَلِلْمُوْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ
Our Lord! Forgive me and my parents, and (all) the believers on the Day when the reckoning will be established. (14:41)
From this tradition, during the beginning stages of Islam, the Muslims used to seek forgiveness for their relatives and their family members who were polytheists. They did this following the way of Ibrahim, the Khalil (Friend) of Allah, until Allah revealed,
قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ
إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ إِنَّا بُرَاء مِنكُمْ وَمِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهٍِ
كَفَرْنَا بِكُمْ وَبَدَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَالْبَغْضَاء أَبَدًا حَتَّى تُوْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ
إِلاَّ قَوْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لاَِبِيهِ لَاَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَا أَمْلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْء
Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and those with him, when they said to their people:
“Verily, we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allah, we have rejected you, and there has started between us and you, hostility and hatred forever until you believe in Allah alone,” —
except the saying of Ibrahim to his father:
“Verily, I will ask forgiveness for you, but I have no power to do anything for you before Allah.” (60:4)
meaning, except for this statement, so do not follow it.
Then Allah explains that Ibrahim abandoned this statement and retracted it.
Allah, the Exalted, says,
مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ امَنُواْ أَن يَسْتَغْفِرُواْ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُواْ أُوْلِي قُرْبَى مِن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ
وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لاَِبِيهِ إِلاَّ عَن مَّوْعِدَةٍ وَعَدَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ لِلّهِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لاوَّاهٌ حَلِيمٌ
It is not (proper) for the Prophet and those who believe to ask Allah’s forgiveness for the Mushrikin, even though they be of kin, after it has become clear to them that they are the dwellers of the Fire (because they died in a state of disbelief).
And Ibrahim’s invoking (of Allah) for his father’s forgiveness was only because of a promise he (Ibrahim) had made to him (his father). But when it became clear to him (Ibrahim) that he (his father) is an enemy of Allah, he dissociated himself from him. Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah and forbearing. (9:113-114)
Concerning Allah’s statement
19:48
وَ اَعۡتَزِلُکُمۡ وَ مَا تَدۡعُوۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰہِ وَ اَدۡعُوۡا رَبِّیۡ ۫ۖ عَسٰۤی اَلَّاۤ اَکُوۡنَ بِدُعَآءِ رَبِّیۡ شَقِیًّا ﴿۴۸﴾
And I will leave you and those you invoke other than Allah and will invoke my Lord. I expect that I will not be in invocation to my Lord unhappy.”
وَأَعْتَزِلُكُمْ وَمَا تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَأَدْعُو رَبِّي
And I shall turn away from you and from those whom you invoke besides Allah. And I shall call upon my Lord,
This means, “And I worship my Lord alone, associating no partners with Him.”
عَسَى أَلاَّ أَكُونَ بِدُعَاء رَبِّي شَقِيًّا
I certainly hope that I shall not be unblessed in my invocation to my Lord.
The word `Asa (I hope) here means that which will necessarily occur and not that which is hoped for from the impossible. For verily, he (Ibrahim) is the leader of the Prophets other than Muhammad
19:49
فَلَمَّا اعۡتَزَلَہُمۡ وَ مَا یَعۡبُدُوۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰہِ ۙ وَہَبۡنَا لَہٗۤ اِسۡحٰقَ وَ یَعۡقُوۡبَ ؕ وَ کُلًّا جَعَلۡنَا نَبِیًّا ﴿۴۹﴾
So when he had left them and those they worshipped other than Allah, We gave him Isaac and Jacob, and each [of them] We made a prophet.
Allah gave Ibrahim Ishaq and Yaqub
Allah, the Exalted, says;
فَلَمَّا اعْتَزَلَهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ
So when he had turned away from them and from those whom they worshipped besides Allah, We gave him Ishaq and Ya`qub, and each one of them We made a Prophet.
Allah, the Exalted, says that when the Friend of Allah (Ibrahim) withdrew from his father and his people for the sake of Allah, Allah gave him in exchange those who were better than them. He gave him Ishaq (Isaac) and Yaqub (Jacob), meaning his son, Ishaq, and Ishaq’s son, Yaqub. This is as Allah said in another Ayah,
وَيَعْقُوبَ نَافِلَةً
and Yaqub, a grandson. (21:72)
Also, Allah says,
وَمِن وَرَاءِ إِسْحَـقَ يَعْقُوبَ
and after Ishaq, of Yaqub. (11:71)
There is no difference of opinion about Ishaq being the father of Yaqub. This is what is recorded in the Qur’an in Surah Al-Baqarah.
أَمْ كُنتُمْ شُهَدَاءَ إِذْ حَضَرَ يَعْقُوبَ الْمَوْتُ إِذْ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن بَعْدِى قَالُواْ نَعْبُدُ إِلَـهَكَ وَإِلَـهَ ابَأيِكَ إِبْرَهِيمَ وَإِسْمَـعِيلَ وَإِسْحَـقَ
Or were you witnesses when death approached Yaqub When he said unto his sons, “What will you worship after me!”
They said, “We shall worship your God the God of your fathers, Ibrahim, Ismail and Ishaq.” (2:133)
Allah only mentioned Ishaq and Yaqub here to show that He made Prophets from among his descendants and successors in order to give him relief and happiness in his life.
This is why Allah says,
وَكُلًّ جَعَلْنَا نَبِيًّا
and each one of them We made a Prophet.
If Yaqub had not become a Prophet in the lifetime of Ibrahim, then Allah would not have limited the promise of Prophethood to him, but He would have mentioned his son Yusuf as well. For verily, Yusuf was also a Prophet, just as the Messenger of Allah said in a Hadith whose authenticity is agreed upon, when he was asked who was the best of people.
He said,
يُوسُفُ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ابْنُ يَعْقُوبَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ابْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلِ الله
The Prophet of Allah, Yusuf, the son of the Prophet of Allah Yaqub, the son of the Prophet of Allah Ishaq, the son of the Friend of Allah Ibrahim.
In another wording of this Hadith, he said,
إِنَّ الْكَرِيمَ ابْنَ الْكَرِيمِ ابْنِ الْكَرِيمِ ابْنِ الْكَرِيمِ يُوسُفَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيم
Verily, the noble one is the son of the noble one, who is the son of the noble one, who is the son of the noble one. That is Yusuf, the son of Yaqub, the son of Ishaq, the son of Ibrahim.
Concerning Allah’s statement,
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُم مِّن رَّحْمَتِنَا وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ عَلِيًّا
19:50
وَ وَہَبۡنَا لَہُمۡ مِّنۡ رَّحۡمَتِنَا وَ جَعَلۡنَا لَہُمۡ لِسَانَ صِدۡقٍ عَلِیًّا ﴿٪۵۰﴾
And We gave them of Our mercy, and we made for them a reputation of high honor.
And We gave them of Our mercy, and We granted Sidqin `Aliyyan on the tongues.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said,
“Sidqin `Aliyyan means the good praise.”
As-Suddi and Malik bin Anas said the same thing.
Ibn Jarir said,
“Allah only said `Aliyyan (loftiness, exalted) because all of the religions commend them and mention them with praises, may Allah’s peace and blessing be upon them all.
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