أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1016)
[For in fear of society! ]
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Sura:28
Para:20
Sura: Al-Qasas
Ayat: 56-61
28:56
اِنَّکَ لَا تَہۡدِیۡ مَنۡ اَحۡبَبۡتَ وَ لٰکِنَّ اللّٰہَ یَہۡدِیۡ مَنۡ یَّشَآءُ ۚ وَ ہُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِالۡمُہۡتَدِیۡنَ ﴿۵۶﴾
Indeed, [O Muhammad], you do not guide whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the [rightly] guided.
Allah guides Whom He wills
Allah says to His Messenger :`O Muhammad:
إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ
Verily, you guide not whom you like’
meaning, `the matter does not rest with you; all that you have to do is convey the Message, and Allah will guide whom He wills, and His is the ultimate wisdom,’ as He says:
لَّيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَأءُ
Not upon you is their guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills. (2:272)
وَمَأ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتَ بِمُوْمِنِينَ
And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly. (12:103)
This Ayah is even more specific than the following:
إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاء وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ
Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He knows best those who are the guided.
meaning:Allah knows best who deserves to be guided and who deserves to be misguided.
It was recorded in the Two Sahihs that this Ayah was revealed concerning Abu Talib, the paternal uncle of the Messenger of Allah.
He used to protect the Prophet, support him and stand by him. He loved the Prophet dearly, but this love was a natural love, i.e., born of kinship, not a love that was born of the fact that he was the Messenger of Allah.
When he was on his deathbed, the Messenger of Allah called him to Faith and to enter Islam, but the decree overtook him and he remained a follower of disbelief, and Allah’s is the complete wisdom.
Az-Zuhri said that Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib narrated to me that his father, Al-Musayyib bin Hazan Al-Makhzumi, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“When Abu Talib was dying, the Messenger of Allah came to him and found Abu Jahl bin Hisham and Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah bin Al-Mughirah with him. The Messenger of Allah said:
يَا عَمِّ قُلْ لَاا إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ كَلِمَةً أُحَاجُّ لَكَ بِهَا عِنْدَ الله
O my uncle, say La ilaha illallah, a word which I may use as evidence in your favor before Allah (in the Hereafter).
Abu Jahl bin Hisham and Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah said:
`O Abu Talib, will you leave the religion of Abdul-Muttalib’
The Messenger of Allah kept urging him to say La ilaha illallah, and they kept saying, `Will you leave the religion of `Abdul-Muttalib’ — until, at the very end, he said that he was on the religion of Abdul-Muttalib, and he refused to say La ilaha illallah.
The Messenger of Allah said:
وَاللهِ لَااَسْتَغْفِرَنَّ لَكَ مَا لَمْ أُنْهَ عَنْك
By Allah, I shall certainly seek forgiveness for you unless I am told not to.
Then Allah revealed:
مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِىِّ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ أَن يَسْتَغْفِرُواْ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُواْ أُوْلِى قُرْبَى
It is not (proper) for the Prophet and those who believe to ask Allah’s forgiveness for the idolators, even though they be of kin. (9:113)
And there was revealed concerning Abu Talib the Ayah,
إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاء
Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills.”
This was recorded (by Al-Bukhari and Muslim) from the Hadith of Az-Zuhri.
The Excuses made by the People of Makkah for not believing, and the Refutation of Their Excuses
Allah tells
28:57
وَ قَالُوۡۤا اِنۡ نَّتَّبِعِ الۡہُدٰی مَعَکَ نُتَخَطَّفۡ مِنۡ اَرۡضِنَا ؕ اَوَ لَمۡ نُمَکِّنۡ لَّہُمۡ حَرَمًا اٰمِنًا یُّجۡبٰۤی اِلَیۡہِ ثَمَرٰتُ کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ رِّزۡقًا مِّنۡ لَّدُنَّا وَ لٰکِنَّ اَکۡثَرَہُمۡ لَا یَعۡلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۵۷﴾
And they say, “If we were to follow the guidance with you, we would be swept from our land.” Have we not established for them a safe sanctuary to which are brought the fruits of all things as provision from Us? But most of them do not know.
وَقَالُوا إِن نَّتَّبِعِ الْهُدَى مَعَكَ نُتَخَطَّفْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا
And they say:”If we follow the guidance with you, we would be snatched away from our land.”
Allah tells us that this is the excuse which was given by some of the disbelievers for not following true guidance.
They said to the Messenger of Allah:
إِن نَّتَّبِعِ الْهُدَى مَعَكَ نُتَخَطَّفْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا
(If we follow the guidance with you, we would be snatched away from our land),
meaning, `we are afraid that if we follow the message of guidance that you have brought, and go against the pagan Arab tribes around us, they will seek to do us harm and wage war against us, and they may snatch us away from wherever we may be.’
Allah said in response to them:
أَوَلَمْ نُمَكِّن لَّهُمْ حَرَمًا امِنًا
Have We not established for them a secure sanctuary,
meaning, the excuse they give is a lie and is false, because Allah has put them in a secure city and a venerated sanctuary which has been safe from the time it was built — how could this sanctuary be safe for them when they believed in disbelief and Shirk, and how could it not be safe for them when they become Muslims and follow the truth.
يُجْبَى إِلَيْهِ ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ
to which are brought fruits of all kinds,
means, all kinds of fruits from the surrounding regions, from At-Ta’if and elsewhere.
Similarly, the people of Makkah engaged in trade and other goods also came to their city.
رِزْقًا مِن لَّدُنَّا وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
a provision from Ourselves, but most of them know not.
– this is why they said what they said
28:58
وَ کَمۡ اَہۡلَکۡنَا مِنۡ قَرۡیَۃٍۭ بَطِرَتۡ مَعِیۡشَتَہَا ۚ فَتِلۡکَ مَسٰکِنُہُمۡ لَمۡ تُسۡکَنۡ مِّنۡۢ بَعۡدِہِمۡ اِلَّا قَلِیۡلًا ؕ وَ کُنَّا نَحۡنُ الۡوٰرِثِیۡنَ ﴿۵۸﴾
And how many a city have We destroyed that was insolent in its [way of] living, and those are their dwellings which have not been inhabited after them except briefly. And it is We who were the inheritors.
The Destruction of Towns, which are not destroyed until Evidence is established against Them
Referring to the people of Makkah, Allah says:
وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِن قَرْيَةٍ بَطِرَتْ مَعِيشَتَهَا
And how many a town have We destroyed, which was thankless for its means of livelihood!
They were arrogant transgressors who denied Allah’s blessing of giving them ample provision.
This is like the Ayah,
وَضَرَبَ اللّهُ مَثَلً قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ امِنَةً مُّطْمَيِنَّةً يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللّهِ فَأَذَاقَهَا اللّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ
وَلَقَدْ جَاءهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ
And Allah gives the example of a township (Makkah), it was secure and peaceful:its provision coming to it in abundance from every place, but it (its people) denied the favors of Allah. So Allah made it taste extreme hunger (famine) and fear, because of what they did.
There has come to them a Messenger from among themselves, but they denied him, so the torment seized them while they were wrongdoers. (16:112-113)
Allah said:
فَتِلْكَ مَسَاكِنُهُمْ لَمْ تُسْكَن مِّن بَعْدِهِمْ إِلاَّ قَلِيلً
And those are their dwellings, which have not been inhabited after them except a little.
Their land became empty and desolate, and you can see nothing but their dwellings.
وَكُنَّا نَحْنُ الْوَارِثِينَ
And verily, We have been the heirs.
Their towns became ruins, with none remaining.
Then Allah tells us of His justice and that He does not destroy anyone unjustly; on the contrary, He destroys those whom He destroys after establishing proof against them.
So, he says
28:59
وَ مَا کَانَ رَبُّکَ مُہۡلِکَ الۡقُرٰی حَتّٰی یَبۡعَثَ فِیۡۤ اُمِّہَا رَسُوۡلًا یَّتۡلُوۡا عَلَیۡہِمۡ اٰیٰتِنَا ۚ وَ مَا کُنَّا مُہۡلِکِی الۡقُرٰۤی اِلَّا وَ اَہۡلُہَا ظٰلِمُوۡنَ ﴿۵۹﴾
And never would your Lord have destroyed the cities until He had sent to their mother a messenger reciting to them Our verses. And We would not destroy the cities except while their people were wrongdoers.
وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ مُهْلِكَ الْقُرَى حَتَّى يَبْعَثَ فِي أُمِّهَا
And never will your Lord destroy the towns until He sends to their mother town i.e., Makkah —
رَسُولاً يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ ايَاتِنَا
a Messenger reciting to them Our Ayat.
This indicates that the Unlettered Prophet, Muhammad was sent from the Mother of Cities as a Messenger to all cities and towns, Arab and non-Arab alike.
This is like the Ayat:
لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا
so that you may warn the Mother of Towns and all those around it. (6:92)
قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا
Say:”O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah.” (7:158)
لااٌّنذِرَكُمْ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ
That I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach. (6:19)
وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ
but those of the sects that reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting place. (11:17)
وَإِن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ إِلاَّ نَحْنُ مُهْلِكُوهَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْقِيَـمَةِ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُوهَا عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا
And there is not a town but We shall destroy it before the Day of Resurrection, or punish it with a severe torment. (17:58)
Allah tells us that He will destroy every town before the Day of Resurrection, as He says:
وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولاً
And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger. (17:15)
Allah has sent the Unlettered Prophet to all the towns (all of mankind), because he has been sent to the Mother of Cities, their source to which they all return.
It was recorded in the Two Sahihs that the Prophet said:
بُعِثْتُ إِلَى الاَْحْمَرِ وَالاَْسْوَد
I have been sent to the red and the black.
Prophethood ended with him, and there is no Prophet or Messenger to come after him, but his way will remain as long as night and day remain, until the Day of Resurrection.
Allah also tells that:
وَمَا كُنَّا مُهْلِكِي الْقُرَى إِلاَّ وَأَهْلُهَا ظَالِمُونَ
And never would We destroy the towns unless the people thereof are wrongdoers
28:60
وَ مَاۤ اُوۡتِیۡتُمۡ مِّنۡ شَیۡءٍ فَمَتَاعُ الۡحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنۡیَا وَ زِیۡنَتُہَا ۚ وَ مَا عِنۡدَ اللّٰہِ خَیۡرٌ وَّ اَبۡقٰی ؕ اَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُوۡنَ ﴿٪۶۰﴾
And whatever thing you [people] have been given – it is [only for] the enjoyment of worldly life and its adornment. And what is with Allah is better and more lasting; so will you not use reason?
This World is transient and the One Whose concern is this World is not equal to the One Whose concern is the Hereafter
Allah tells:
وَمَا أُوتِيتُم مِّن شَيْءٍ فَمَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتُهَا وَمَا عِندَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَى
And whatever you have been given is an enjoyment of the life of the world and its adornment, and that which is with Allah is better and will remain forever.
Allah tells us about the insignificance of this world and its contemptible adornments which are nothing in comparison to the great and lasting delights which Allah prepared for His righteous servants in the Hereafter.
As Allah says:
مَا عِندَكُمْ يَنفَدُ وَمَا عِندَ اللَّهِ بَاقٍ
Whatever is with you, will be exhausted, and whatever is with Allah will remain. (16:96)
وَمَا عِندَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لِّلَبْرَارِ
and that which is with Allah is the best for the most righteous. (3:198)
وَمَا الْحَيَوةُ الدُّنْيَا فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ إِلاَّ مَتَـعٌ
whereas the life of this world as compared with the Hereafter is but a brief passing enjoyment. (13:26)
بَلْ تُوْثِرُونَ الْحَيَوةَ الدُّنْيَا
وَالاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَى
Nay, you prefer the life of this world. Although the Hereafter is better and more lasting. (87:16-17)
The Messenger of Allah said:
وَاللهِ مَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا فِي الاْاخِرَةِ إِلاَّ كَمَا يَغْمِسُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِصْبَعَهُ فِي الْيَمِّ فَلْيَنْظُرْ مَاذَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَيْه
By Allah, the life of this world in comparison to the Hereafter is as if one of you were to dip his finger in the sea; let him see what comes back to him.
Allah’s saying:
أَفَلَ تَعْقِلُونَ
Have you then no sense!
means, do those who prefer this world to the Hereafter have no sense!
أَفَمَن وَعَدْنَاهُ وَعْدًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ لَاقِيهِ كَمَن مَّتَّعْنَاهُ مَتَاعَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ هُوَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنَ الْمُحْضَرِينَ
28:61
اَفَمَنۡ وَّعَدۡنٰہُ وَعۡدًا حَسَنًا فَہُوَ لَاقِیۡہِ کَمَنۡ مَّتَّعۡنٰہُ مَتَاعَ الۡحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنۡیَا ثُمَّ ہُوَ یَوۡمَ الۡقِیٰمَۃِ مِنَ الۡمُحۡضَرِیۡنَ ﴿۶۱﴾
Then is he whom We have promised a good promise which he will obtain like he for whom We provided enjoyment of worldly life [but] then he is, on the Day of Resurrection, among those presented [for punishment in Hell]?
Is he whom We have promised an excellent promise — which he will find true — like him whom We have made to enjoy the luxuries of the life of the world, then on the Day of Resurrection, he will be among those brought up!
Is the one who believes in the reward which Allah has promised in return for righteous deeds, which he will undoubtedly attain, like one who disbelieves in the meeting with Allah and in His promises and threats. He is only enjoying a few days in this life.
Mujahid and Qatadah said concerning the Ayah:
ثُمَّ هُوَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنَ الْمُحْضَرِينَ
(then on the Day of Resurrection, he will be among those brought up).
“He will be among those who are punished.”
It was said that this was revealed concerning the Messenger of Allah and Abu Jahl, or that it was revealed concerning Hamzah and Ali, and Abu Jahl.
Both views were narrated from Mujahid.
The apparent meaning is that it is more general than that.
This is like the Ayah where Allah describes a believer in Paradise looking out at his companion who is in Hell, and saying:
وَلَوْلَا نِعْمَةُ رَبِّى لَكُنتُ مِنَ الْمُحْضَرِينَ
Had it not been for the grace of my Lord, I would certainly have been among those brought forth (to Hell). (37:57)
And Allah says:
وَلَقَدْ عَلِمَتِ الجِنَّةُ إِنَّهُمْ لَمُحْضَرُونَ
but the Jinn know well that they have indeed to appear (before Him). (37:158)
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