أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1087)
[He knows that which deceives the eyes and what the breasts conceal.:-]
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Sura:40:Al-Gaafor
Para:24
Ayat: –18-27
40:18
وَ اَنۡذِرۡہُمۡ یَوۡمَ الۡاٰزِفَۃِ اِذِ الۡقُلُوۡبُ لَدَی الۡحَنَاجِرِ کٰظِمِیۡنَ ۬ؕ مَا لِلظّٰلِمِیۡنَ مِنۡ حَمِیۡمٍ وَّ لَا شَفِیۡعٍ یُّطَاعُ ﴿ؕ۱۸﴾
And warn them, [O Muhammad], of the Approaching Day, when hearts are at the throats, filled [with distress]. For the wrongdoers there will be no devoted friend and no intercessor [who is] obeyed.
Warning of the Day of Resurrection and Allah’s judgement on that Day
Allah says:
وَأَنذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الاْأزِفَةِ
And warn them of the Day that is drawing near,
`The Day that is drawing near’ is one of the names of the Day of Judgement. It is so called because it is close, as Allah says:
أَزِفَتِ الاٌّزِفَةُ
لَيْسَ لَهَا مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ كَاشِفَةٌ
The Day of Resurrection draws near. None besides Allah can avert it. (53:57-58)
اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ
The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder. (54:1)
اقْتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَـبُهُمْ
Draws near for mankind their reckoning. (21:1)
أَتَى أَمْرُ اللَّهِ فَلَ تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ
The Event (the Hour) ordained by Allah will come to pass, so seek not to hasten it. (16:1)
فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ زُلْفَةً سِييَتْ وُجُوهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ
But when they will see it approaching, the faces of those who disbelieve will change and turn black with sadness and in grief. (67:27)
and
إِذِ الْقُلُوبُ لَدَى الْحَنَاجِرِ كَاظِمِينَ
when the hearts will be at the throats Kazimin.
Qatadah said,
“When the hearts reach the throats because of fear, and they will neither come out nor go back to their places.”
This was also the view of Ikrimah, As-Suddi and others.
كَاظِمِينَ
(Kazimin),
means silent, for no one will speak without His permission:
يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلَـيِكَةُ صَفّاً لاَّ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلاَّ مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَـنُ وَقَالَ صَوَاباً
The Day that Ar-Ruh (Jibril) and the angels will stand forth in rows, they will not speak except him whom the Most Gracious allows, and he will speak what is right. (78:38)
Ibn Jurayj said:
كَاظِمِينَ
(Kazimin),
“It means weeping.”
مَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ حَمِيمٍ وَلَاا شَفِيعٍ يُطَاعُ
There will be no friend, nor an intercessor for the wrongdoers, who could be given heed to.
means, those who wronged themselves by associating others in worship with Allah, will have no relative to help them and no intercessor who can plead on their behalf; all means of good will be cut off from them.
يَعْلَمُ خَايِنَةَ الاَْعْيُنِ وَمَا تُخْفِي الصُّدُورُ
40:19
یَعۡلَمُ خَآئِنَۃَ الۡاَعۡیُنِ وَ مَا تُخۡفِی الصُّدُوۡرُ ﴿۱۹﴾
He knows that which deceives the eyes and what the breasts conceal.
Allah knows the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts conceal.
Allah tells us about His complete knowledge which encompasses all things, great and small, major and minor, so that people will take note that. He knows about them and they will have the proper sense of shyness before Allah. They will pay attention to the fact that He can see them, for He knows the fraud of the eyes, even if the eyes look innocent, and He knows what the hearts conceal.
Ad-Dahhak said:
خَايِنَةَ الاْاَعْيُنِ
(the fraud of the eyes),
“A wink and a man saying that he has seen something when he has not seen it, or saying that he has not seen it when he did see it.”
Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
“Allah knows when the eye looks at something, whether it wants to commit an act of betrayal or not.”
This was also the view of Mujahid and Qatadah.
Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, commented on the Ayah:
وَمَا تُخْفِي الصُّدُورُ
(and all that the breasts conceal).
“He knows, if you were able to, whether you would commit Zina with a woman or not.”
As-Suddi said:
وَمَا تُخْفِي الصُّدُورُ
(and all that the breasts conceal).
meaning, of insinuating whispers
40:20
وَ اللّٰہُ یَقۡضِیۡ بِالۡحَقِّ ؕ وَ الَّذِیۡنَ یَدۡعُوۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِہٖ لَا یَقۡضُوۡنَ بِشَیۡءٍ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ ہُوَ السَّمِیۡعُ الۡبَصِیۡرُ ﴿٪۲۰﴾
And Allah judges with truth, while those they invoke besides Him judge not with anything. Indeed, Allah – He is the Hearing, the Seeing.
وَاللَّهُ يَقْضِي بِالْحَقِّ
And Allah judges with truth,
means, He judges with justice.
Al-A`mash narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that this Ayah means:
“He is able to reward those who do good with good and those who do evil with evil.”
إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ
Certainly, Allah! He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer.
This is how it was interpreted by Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him.
This is like the Ayah:
لِيَجْزِىَ الَّذِينَ أَسَاءُواْ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَيِجْزِى الَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُواْ بِالْحُسْنَى
that He may requite those who do evil with that which they have done, and reward those who do good, with what is best. (53:31)
وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ لَاا يَقْضُونَ بِشَيْءٍ
while those to whom they invoke besides Him, cannot judge anything.
وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ
(while those to whom they invoke besides Him), means, the idols and false gods,
لَاا يَقْضُونَ بِشَيْءٍ
(cannot judge anything). means, they do not possess anything and they cannot judge anything.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ
Certainly, Allah! He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer.
means, He hears all that His creatures say and He knows all about them, so He guides whomsoever He wills and sends astray whomsoever He wills. And He judges with perfect justice in all of that
40:21
اَوَ لَمۡ یَسِیۡرُوۡا فِی الۡاَرۡضِ فَیَنۡظُرُوۡا کَیۡفَ کَانَ عَاقِبَۃُ الَّذِیۡنَ کَانُوۡا مِنۡ قَبۡلِہِمۡ ؕ کَانُوۡا ہُمۡ اَشَدَّ مِنۡہُمۡ قُوَّۃً وَّ اٰثَارًا فِی الۡاَرۡضِ فَاَخَذَہُمُ اللّٰہُ بِذُنُوۡبِہِمۡ ؕ وَ مَا کَانَ لَہُمۡ مِّنَ اللّٰہِ مِنۡ وَّاقٍ ﴿۲۱﴾
Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those who were before them? They were greater than them in strength and in impression on the land, but Allah seized them for their sins. And they had not from Allah any protector.
The Severe Punishment for the Disbelievers
Allah says,
أَوَ لَمْ يَسِيرُوا
Have they not traveled,
`these people who disbelieve in your Message, O Muhammad,’
فِي الاَْرْضِ فَيَنظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا مِن قَبْلِهِمْ
in the land and seen what was the end of those who were before them,
means, the nations of the past who disbelieved in their Prophets (peace be upon them), for which the punishment came upon them even though they were stronger than Quraysh.
كَانُوا هُمْ أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً
They were superior to them in strength,
وَاثَارًا فِي الاْاَرْضِ
and in the traces in the land.
means, they left behind traces in the earth, such as structures, buildings and dwellings which these people (i.e., the Quraysh) cannot match. This is like the Ayat:
وَلَقَدْ مَكَّنَـهُمْ فِيمَأ إِن مَّكَّنَّـكُمْ فِيهِ
And indeed We had firmly established them with that wherewith We have not established you! (46:26)
وَأَثَارُواْ الاٌّرْضَ وَعَمَرُوهَأ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَمَرُوهَا
and they tilled the earth and populated it in greater numbers than these have done. (30:9)
فَأَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ
But Allah seized them with punishment for their sins.
Yet despite this great strength, Allah punished them for their sin, which was their disbelief in their Messengers.
وَمَا كَانَ لَهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ مِن وَاقٍ
And none had they to protect them from Allah.
means, they had no one who could protect them or ward off the punishment from them.
Then Allah mentions the reason why He punished them, and the sins which they committed.
Allah says
40:22
ذٰلِکَ بِاَنَّہُمۡ کَانَتۡ تَّاۡتِیۡہِمۡ رُسُلُہُمۡ بِالۡبَیِّنٰتِ فَکَفَرُوۡا فَاَخَذَہُمُ اللّٰہُ ؕ اِنَّہٗ قَوِیٌّ شَدِیۡدُ الۡعِقَابِ ﴿۲۲﴾
That was because their messengers were coming to them with clear proofs, but they disbelieved, so Allah seized them. Indeed, He is Powerful and severe in punishment.
ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانَت تَّأْتِيهِمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ
That was because there came to them their Messengers with clear evidences,
meaning with clear proof and definitive evidence.
فَكَفَرُوا
but they disbelieved.
means, despite all these signs, they disbelieved and rejected the Message.
فَأَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ
.
So Allah seized them.
means, He destroyed them utterly, and a similar fate awaits the disbelievers.
..
إِنَّهُ قَوِيٌّ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
Verily, He is All-Strong, Severe in punishment.
means, He is possessed of great strength and might.
شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
(Severe in punishment),
means, His punishment is severe and agonizing;
we seek refuge with Allah, may He be blessed and exalted, from that
40:23
وَ لَقَدۡ اَرۡسَلۡنَا مُوۡسٰی بِاٰیٰتِنَا وَ سُلۡطٰنٍ مُّبِیۡنٍ ﴿ۙ۲۳﴾
And We did certainly send Moses with Our signs and a clear authority
The Story of Musa and Fir`awn
Allah says,
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَى
And indeed We sent Musa,
Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad for the disbelief of his people and gives him the glad tidings of good consequences and victory in this world and the Hereafter, as happened to Musa bin Imran, peace be upon him, whom Allah sent with clear proof and definitive evidence.
Allah says:
بِأيَاتِنَا وَسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
with Our Ayat, and a manifest authority.
Authority means proof and evidence
40:24
اِلٰی فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَ ہَامٰنَ وَ قَارُوۡنَ فَقَالُوۡا سٰحِرٌ کَذَّابٌ ﴿۲۴﴾
To Pharaoh, Haman and Qarun; but they said, “[He is] a magician and a liar.”
إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ
to Fir`awn, (who was the king of the Copts of Egypt).
وَهَامَانَ
Haman, (who was his adviser).
وَقَارُونَ
and Qarun, (who was the richest trader among the people of his time).
فَقَالُوا سَاحِرٌ كَذَّابٌ
but they called (him):”A sorcerer, liar!”
means, they rejected him and thought he was a sorcerer, a madman and an illusionist who was telling lies about having been sent by Allah.
This is like the Ayah:
كَذَلِكَ مَأ أَتَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ مِّن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ قَالُواْ سَـحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ
أَتَوَاصَوْاْ بِهِ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ طَـغُونَ
Likewise, no Messenger came to those before them but they said:”A sorcerer or a madman!”
Have they transmitted this saying to these?
Nay, they are themselves a people transgressing beyond bounds! (51:52-53)
40:25
فَلَمَّا جَآءَہُمۡ بِالۡحَقِّ مِنۡ عِنۡدِنَا قَالُوا اقۡتُلُوۡۤا اَبۡنَآءَ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا مَعَہٗ وَ اسۡتَحۡیُوۡا نِسَآءَہُمۡ ؕ وَ مَا کَیۡدُ الۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ اِلَّا فِیۡ ضَلٰلٍ ﴿۲۵﴾
And when he brought them the truth from Us, they said, “Kill the sons of those who have believed with him and keep their women alive.” But the plan of the disbelievers is not except in error.
فَلَمَّا جَاءهُم بِالْحَقِّ مِنْ عِندِنَا ق
Then, when he brought them the Truth from Us,
means, with definite evidence that Allah had sent him to them,
الُوا اقْتُلُوا أَبْنَاء الَّذِينَ امَنُوا مَعَهُ وَاسْتَحْيُوا نِسَاءهُمْ
they said:”Kill with him the sons of those who believe and let their women live;”
This was a second command from Fir`awn to kill the males of the Children of Israel. The first command had been as a precaution against the emergence of a man like Musa, or an act intended to humiliate this people or reduce their numbers or both. The second command was for the second reason, to humiliate the people so that they would regard Musa as a bad omen. they said:
أُوذِينَا مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَأْتِيَنَا وَمِن بَعْدِ مَا جِيْتَنَا قَالَ عَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَن يُهْلِكَ عَدُوَّكُمْ وَيَسْتَخْلِفَكُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ فَيَنظُرَ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ
“We (Children of Israel) had suffered troubles before you came to us, and since you have come to us.”
He said:”It may be that your Lord will destroy your enemy and make you successors on the earth, so that He may see how you act.” (7:129)
Qatadah said, this was one command after another.
وَمَا كَيْدُ الْكَافِرِينَ إِلاَّ فِي ضَلَلٍ
but the plots of disbelievers are nothing but in vain!
means, their schemes and intentions — to reduce the numbers of the Children of Israel lest they prevail over them — were doomed to failure
40:26
وَ قَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنُ ذَرُوۡنِیۡۤ اَقۡتُلۡ مُوۡسٰی وَ لۡیَدۡعُ رَبَّہٗ ۚ اِنِّیۡۤ اَخَافُ اَنۡ یُّبَدِّلَ دِیۡنَکُمۡ اَوۡ اَنۡ یُّظۡہِرَ فِی الۡاَرۡضِ الۡفَسَادَ ﴿۲۶﴾
And Pharaoh said, “Let me kill Moses and let him call upon his Lord. Indeed, I fear that he will change your religion or that he will cause corruption in the land.”
وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ ذَرُونِي أَقْتُلْ مُوسَى وَلْيَدْعُ رَبَّهُ
Fir`awn said:”Leave me to kill Musa, and let him call his Lord!…”
Fir`awn, may Allah curse him, resolved to kill Musa, peace be upon him, i.e., he said to his people, `let me kill him for you.’
وَلْيَدْعُ رَبَّهُ
(and let him call his Lord!),
means, `I do not care.’ This is the utmost in offensive stubbornness.
إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَن يُبَدِّلَ دِينَكُمْ أَوْ أَن يُظْهِرَ فِي الاَْرْضِ الْفَسَادَ
I fear that he may change your religion, or that he may cause mischief to appear in the land! (means, Musa);
Fir`awn was afraid that Musa would lead his people astray and change their ways and customs. As if Fir`awn would be concerned about what Musa might do to his people!
The majority understood this as meaning, `he will change your religion and cause mischief to appear in the land.’
وَقَالَ مُوسَى إِنِّي عُذْتُ بِرَبِّي وَرَبِّكُم مِّن كُلِّ مُتَكَبِّرٍ لاَّ يُوْمِنُ بِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ
40:27
وَ قَالَ مُوۡسٰۤی اِنِّیۡ عُذۡتُ بِرَبِّیۡ وَ رَبِّکُمۡ مِّنۡ کُلِّ مُتَکَبِّرٍ لَّا یُؤۡمِنُ بِیَوۡمِ الۡحِسَابِ ﴿٪۲۷﴾
But Moses said, “Indeed, I have sought refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant one who does not believe in the Day of Account.”
Musa said:”Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant who believes not in the Day of Reckoning!”
means, when he heard that Fir`awn had said,
ذَرُونِي أَقْتُلْ مُوسَى
(Leave me to kill Musa), Musa, peace be upon him, said, “I seek refuge and protection with Allah from his evil and the evil of those like him.”
So he said:
إِنِّي عُذْتُ بِرَبِّي وَرَبِّكُم
(Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord) — those who were being addressed here —
مِّن كُلِّ مُتَكَبِّرٍ
(from every arrogant) means, from every evildoer,
لاَّا يُوْمِنُ بِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ
(who believes not in the Day of Reckoning!).
It was reported in the Hadith narrated from Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased with him, that when the Messenger of Allah was afraid of some people, he would say:
اللْهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شُرُورِهِمْ وَنَدْرَأُ بِكَ فِي نُحُورِهِم
O Allah, we seek refuge in You from their evil and we seek Your help in repulsing them.
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