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أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1143)
[ *It is He who makes [one] laugh and weep:-
*It is He who causes death and gives life:-]
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Surah:53:An-Najim
Para:27
Ayat:- 43-62
53:43
وَ اَنَّہٗ ہُوَ اَضۡحَکَ وَ اَبۡکٰی ﴿ۙ۴۳﴾
And that it is He who makes [one] laugh and weep
And that it is He Who makes you laugh, and makes you weep.
means that He created in His creatures the ability to laugh or weep and the causes for each of these opposites,
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا
53:44
وَ اَنَّہٗ ہُوَ اَمَاتَ وَ اَحۡیَا ﴿ۙ۴۴﴾
And that it is He who causes death and gives life
And that it is He Who causes death and gives life.
In a similar statement, Allah said,
الَّذِى خَلَقَ الْمَوْتَ وَالْحَيَوةَ
Who has created death and life. (67:2)
Allah said,
وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالاْأُنثَى
53:45
وَ اَنَّہٗ خَلَقَ الزَّوۡجَیۡنِ الذَّکَرَ وَ الۡاُنۡثٰی ﴿ۙ۴۵﴾
And that He creates the two mates – the male and female –
مِن نُّطْفَةٍ إِذَا تُمْنَى
53:46
مِنۡ نُّطۡفَۃٍ اِذَا تُمۡنٰی ﴿۪۴۶﴾
From a sperm-drop when it is emitted
And that He creates the pairs, male and female. From Nutfah when it is emitted.
as He said:
أَيَحْسَبُ الاِنسَـنُ أَن يُتْرَكَ سُدًى
أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِّن مَّنِىٍّ يُمْنَى
ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّى
فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالاٍّنثَى
أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَـدِرٍ عَلَى أَن يُحْيِىَ الْمَوْتَى
Does man think that he will be left neglected? Was he not a Nutfah? Then he became an `Alaqah (something that clings); then (Allah) shaped and fashioned (him) in due proportion. And made of him two sexes, male and female. Is not He (Allah) able to give life to the dead? (75:36-40)
Allah the Exalted said,
وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّشْأَةَ الاْأُخْرَى
53:47
وَ اَنَّ عَلَیۡہِ النَّشۡاَۃَ الۡاُخۡرٰی ﴿ۙ۴۷﴾
And that [incumbent] upon Him is the next creation
And that upon Him is another bringing forth.
meaning, just as He first originated creation, He is able to bring it back to life, resurrecting it for the Day of Judgement,
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَغْنَى وَأَقْنَى
53:48
وَ اَنَّہٗ ہُوَ اَغۡنٰی وَ اَقۡنٰی ﴿ۙ۴۸﴾
And that it is He who enriches and suffices
And that it is He Who Aghna (gives much) and Aqna (a little).
It is Allah Who gives wealth to His servants and this wealth remains with them. This means they are able to use it to their benefit, is this out of the completeness of His favor.
Most of the statements of the scholars of Tafsir revolve around this meaning, such as those from Abu Salih, Ibn Jarir and others.
Mujahid said that,
أَغْنَى
(Aghna) meaning:He gives wealth.
وَأَقْنَى
(Aqna) meaning:He gives servants.
Similar was said by Qatadah.
Ibn Abbas and Mujahid said;
أَغْنَى
(Aghna) means:He granted;
while,
وَأَقْنَى
(Aqna) means:He gave contentment.
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ رَبُّ الشِّعْرَى
53:49
وَ اَنَّہٗ ہُوَ رَبُّ الشِّعۡرٰی ﴿ۙ۴۹﴾
And that it is He who is the Lord of Sirius
And that He is the Lord of Ash-Shi`ra.
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said about Ash-Shi`ra that
it is the bright star, named Mirzam Al-Jawza’ (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used to worship.
وَأَنَّهُ أَهْلَكَ عَادًا الاْأُولَى
53:50
وَ اَنَّہٗۤ اَہۡلَکَ عَادَۨ ا الۡاُوۡلٰی ﴿ۙ۵۰﴾
And that He destroyed the first [people of] ‘Aad
And that it is He Who destroyed the former `Ad,
the people of Hud. They are the descendants of `Ad, son of Iram, son of Sam, son of Nuh.
As Allah the Exalted said,
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ
إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ
الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ
Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad. Of Iram, with the lofty pillars, the like of which were not created in the land, (89:6-8)
The people of `Ad were among the strongest, fiercest people and the most rebellious against Allah the Exalted and His Messenger. Allah destroyed them,
بِرِيحٍ صَرْصَرٍ عَاتِيَةٍسَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَـنِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُوماً
By a furious violent wind! Which Allah imposed in them for seven nights and eight days in succession. (69:6-7)
Allah’s statement,
وَثَمُودَ فَمَا أَبْقَى
53:51
وَ ثَمُوۡدَا۠ فَمَاۤ اَبۡقٰی ﴿ۙ۵۱﴾
And Thamud – and He did not spare [them] –
And Thamud. He spared none,
declares that He destroyed them all and spared none of them
53:52
وَ قَوۡمَ نُوۡحٍ مِّنۡ قَبۡلُ ؕ اِنَّہُمۡ کَانُوۡا ہُمۡ اَظۡلَمَ وَ اَطۡغٰی ﴿ؕ۵۲﴾
And the people of Noah before. Indeed, it was they who were [even] more unjust and oppressing.
وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِّن قَبْلُ
And the people of Nuh aforetime.
before `Ad and Thamud,
إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا هُمْ أَظْلَمَ وَأَطْغَى
Verily, they were more unjust and more rebellious and transgressing.
more unjust in disobeying Allah than those who came after them,
وَالْمُوْتَفِكَةَ أَهْوَى
53:53
وَ الۡمُؤۡتَفِکَۃَ اَہۡوٰی ﴿ۙ۵۳﴾
And the overturned towns He hurled down
And He destroyed the overthrown cities.
meaning, the cities (of Sodom and Gomorrah) to which Prophet Lut was sent. Allah turned their cities upside down over them and sent on them stones of Sijjil.
Allah’s statement that whatever has covered it, has covered it, is like the case with the stones of Sijjil that He sent on them,
وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِم مَّطَراً فَسَأءَ مَطَرُ الْمُنذَرِينَ
And We rained on them a rain (of torment). And how evil was the rain of those who had been warned! (26:173)
فَغَشَّاهَا مَا غَشَّى
53:54
فَغَشّٰہَا مَا غَشّٰی ﴿ۚ۵۴﴾
And covered them by that which He covered.
So, there covered them that which did cover.
Allah said,
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَى
53:55
فَبِاَیِّ اٰلَآءِ رَبِّکَ تَتَمَارٰی ﴿۵۵﴾
Then which of the favors of your Lord do you doubt?
Then which of the graces of your Lord will you doubt1
meaning, `which of Allah’s favors for you, O man, do you doubt,’ according to Qatadah.
Ibn Jurayj said that the Ayah,
فَبِأَيِّ الَاء رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَى
(Then which of the graces of your Lord will you doubt!),
is directed towards the Prophet saying:
“O Muhammad!”
However, the first explanation is better, and it is the meaning that Ibn Jarir preferred
53:56
ہٰذَا نَذِیۡرٌ مِّنَ النُّذُرِ الۡاُوۡلٰی ﴿۵۶﴾
This [Prophet] is a warner like the former warners.
A Warning and Exhortation, the Order to prostrate and to be humble
Allah said,
هَذَا نَذِيرٌ
This is a warner, (in reference to Muhammad),
مِّنَ النُّذُرِ الاُْولَى
from the warners of old.
means, just like the warners of old, he was sent as a Messenger as they were sent as Messengers.
Allah the Exalted said,
قُلْ مَا كُنتُ بِدْعاً مِّنَ الرُّسُلِ
Say:
“I am not a new thing among the Messengers.” (46:9)
Allah said;
أَزِفَتْ الاْزِفَةُ
53:57
اَزِفَتِ الۡاٰزِفَۃُ ﴿ۚ۵۷﴾
The Approaching Day has approached.
The Azifah draws near.
that which is near, the Day of Resurrection, has drawn nearer,
لَيْسَ لَهَا مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ كَاشِفَةٌ
53:58
لَیۡسَ لَہَا مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰہِ کَاشِفَۃٌ ﴿ؕ۵۸﴾
Of it, [from those] besides Allah, there is no remover.
None besides Allah can avert it.
no one besides Allah can prevent it from coming, nor does anyone know when it will come, except Him. The warner is eager to convey his knowledge of the imminence of a calamity, so that it does not befall those to whom he is a warner.
As He said;
إِنِّينَذِيرٌ لَّكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ
He is only a warner to you in face of a severe torment. (34:46)
And in the Hadith:
أَنَا النَّذِيرُ الْعُرْيَان
I am the naked warner,
meaning, I was in such a hurry to warn against the evil I saw coming, that I did not wear anything. In this case, one rushes to warn his people in such haste that he will be naked.
This meaning befits the meaning of the Ayah,
أَزِفَتْ الاْزِفَةُ
(the Azifah draws near), in reference to the nearing Day of Resurrection. Allah said in the beginning of the Surah Al-Qamar:
اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ
The Hour has drawn near. (54:1)
Imam Ahmad recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ
فَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ مُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ كَمَثَلِ قَوْمٍ نَزَلُوا بِبَطْنِ وَادٍ فَجَاءَ ذَا بِعُودٍ وَجَاءَ ذَا بِعُودٍ حَتْى أَنْضَجُوا خُبْزَتَهُمْ وَإِنَّ مُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ مَتَى يُوْخَذُ بِهَا صَاحِبُهَا تُهْلِكُه
Beware of small sins!
The example of the effect of small sin is that of people who settled near the bottom of a valley. One of them brought a piece of wood, and another brought another piece of wood, until they cooked their bread!
Verily, small sins will destroy its companion, if one is held accountable for them.
Allah the Exalted admonishes the idolators because they hear the Qur’an, yet they turn away from it in heedless play,
Allah said;
أَفَمِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ تَعْجَبُونَ
53:59
اَفَمِنۡ ہٰذَا الۡحَدِیۡثِ تَعۡجَبُوۡنَ ﴿ۙ۵۹﴾
Then at this statement do you wonder?
Do you then wonder at this recitation,
تَعْجَبُونَ
(wonder) doubting that it is true.
وَتَضْحَكُونَ وَلَا تَبْكُونَ
53:60
وَ تَضۡحَکُوۡنَ وَ لَا تَبۡکُوۡنَ ﴿ۙ۶۰﴾
And you laugh and do not weep
And you laugh at it and weep not,
وَتَضْحَكُونَ
(And you laugh) in jest and mock at it,
وَلَا تَبْكُونَ
(and weep not), just as those who believe in it weep,
وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلٌّذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا
And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases their humility. (17:109)
Allah said;
وَأَنتُمْ سَامِدُونَ
53:61
وَ اَنۡتُمۡ سٰمِدُوۡنَ ﴿۶۱﴾
While you are proudly sporting?
While you are Samidun.
Sufyan Ath-Thawri reported that his father narrated that Ibn Abbas said about Samidun,
“Singing; in Yemenite dialect `Ismidfor us’ means `Sing for us.”‘
Ikrimah said something similar.
In another narration from Ibn Abbas, he said that,
سَامِدُونَ
(Samidun) means, “Turning away.”
Similar was reported from Mujahid and Ikrimah.
Allah the Exalted ordered His servants to prostrate to Him, worship Him according to the way of His Messenger, and to fulfill the requirement of Tawhid and sincerity,
فَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ وَاعْبُدُوا
53:62
فَاسۡجُدُوۡا لِلّٰہِ وَ اعۡبُدُوۡا ﴿٪ٛ۶۲﴾
So prostrate to Allah and worship [Him].
So fall you down in prostration to Allah and worship Him.
meaning, with submission, sincerity, and Tawhid.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ma`mar said that Abdul-Warith said that Ayyub said that Ikrimah said that, Ibn Abbas said,
“The Prophet prostrated upon reciting An-Najam and the Muslims, idolators, Jinns and mankind who were present prostrated along with him.”
Only Muslim collected this Hadith.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Muttalib bin Abi Wada`ah said,
“While in Makkah, the Messenger of Allah once recited Surah An-Najam, then prostrated along with all those who were with him at the time. I raised my head, however, and I refused to prostrate.”
Al-Muttalib had not embraced Islam yet, but ever since he became Muslim, he would never hear anyone recite this Surah until the end, without prostrating with whomever was prostrating after reciting it.
An-Nasa’i also collected this Hadith in the Book of Al-Bukhari, excluding prayer in his Sunan.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah An-Najm. All praise and thanks are due to Allah
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