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أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1157)
[ * Everything glorifies Allah in its own Way :-
* The Jewish intended to kill the Messenger of Allah :-
*The Fai’ and how it is spent :-
*Those Who deserve the Fai’; and the Virtues of the Muhajirin and Al-Ansar :-]
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Surah:59:Al-Hashar
Para:28
Ayat:- 1-10
59:1
سَبَّحَ لِلّٰہِ مَا فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ مَا فِی الۡاَرۡضِ ۚ وَ ہُوَ الۡعَزِیۡزُ الۡحَکِیۡمُ ﴿۱﴾
Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allah, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
Everything glorifies Allah in its own Way
Allah states that
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الاَْرْضِ
Whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth glorifies Allah.
Allah states that everything that exists in the heavens and on the earth praises, glorifies, reveres and prays to Him and affirms His Oneness.
Allah said in another Ayah,
تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَـوَتُ السَّبْعُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ وَإِن مِّن شَىْءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدَهِ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ
The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise. But you understand not their glorification. (17:44)
Allah’s statement,
وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ
And He is the Almighty, (meaning of invincible majesty),
الْحَكِيمُ
the All-Wise. (in what He decrees and legislates).
The End that Bani An-Nadir suffered
Allah said
59:2
ہُوَ الَّذِیۡۤ اَخۡرَجَ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا مِنۡ اَہۡلِ الۡکِتٰبِ مِنۡ دِیَارِہِمۡ لِاَوَّلِ الۡحَشۡرِ ؕؔ مَا ظَنَنۡتُمۡ اَنۡ یَّخۡرُجُوۡا وَ ظَنُّوۡۤا اَنَّہُمۡ مَّانِعَتُہُمۡ حُصُوۡنُہُمۡ مِّنَ اللّٰہِ فَاَتٰىہُمُ اللّٰہُ مِنۡ حَیۡثُ لَمۡ یَحۡتَسِبُوۡا ٭ وَ قَذَفَ فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِہِمُ الرُّعۡبَ یُخۡرِبُوۡنَ بُیُوۡتَہُمۡ بِاَیۡدِیۡہِمۡ وَ اَیۡدِی الۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ ٭ فَاعۡتَبِرُوۡا یٰۤاُولِی الۡاَبۡصَارِ ﴿۲﴾
It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allah ; but [the decree of] Allah came upon them from where they had not expected, and He cast terror into their hearts [so] they destroyed their houses by their [own] hands and the hands of the believers. So take warning, O people of vision.
هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ
He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture,
referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani An-Nadir, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Az-Zuhri and several others.
When the Messenger of Allah migrated to Al-Madinah, he made a peace treaty with the Jews stipulating that he would not fight them and they would not fight him. They soon betrayed the treaty that they made with Allah’s Messenger. Therefore, Allah sent His torment down on them; it can never be averted, and His appointed destiny touched them; it can never be resisted.
The Prophet forced them to evacuate and abandon their fortified forts that Muslims did not think they would ever control. The Jews thought that their fortifications will save them from Allah’s torment, but they did not help them against Allah in the least. Then, that which they did not expect came to them from Allah, and Allah’s Messenger forced them to leave Al-Madinah.
Some of them went to Adhri`at in the area of Ash-Sham, which is the area of the grand Gathering and Resurrection, while others went to Khyber. The Prophet allowed them to evacuate their forts and take whatever their camels could carry. They destroyed the property that they could not carry. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُوْمِنِينَ
فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الاْاَبْصَارِ
they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers Then take admonition, O you with eyes.
meaning, “Contemplate the end of those who defied Allah’s command, contradicted His Messenger and denied His Book. See how Allah’s humiliating torment struck them in this life, as well as, the painful torment that Allah has reserved for them in the Hereafter.”
Abu Dawud recorded that Abdur-Rahman bin Ka`b bin Malik said that one of the Prophet’s Companions said,
“The Quraysh idolators wrote to Abdullah bin Ubayy and those who were still worshipping idols among the tribes of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj. The Messenger of Allah was in Al-Madinah at the time, before the battle of Badr occurred. They wrote:
`You have given refuge to our citizen. We swear by Allah, you should fight him, or we will expel you or gather all our forces, until we kill your soldiers and take your women captive.’
When the news of this threat reached Abdullah bin Ubayy and the idolators of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj, they prepared to fight the Prophet. The news of this reached the Prophet and he went to them saying,
لَقَدْ بَلَغَ وَعِيدُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَبَالِغَ مَا كَانَتْ تَكِيدُكُمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تُرِيدُ أَن تَكِيدُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُم
The threat of the Quraysh has caused you extreme anxiety! The Quraysh cannot cause you more harm than what you will cause yourselves by your actions. Do you want to fight your children and brethren?
When they heard these words from the Prophet, they dispersed and the news of what happened reached the Quraysh idolators.
After the battle of Badr, the Quraysh idolators wrote to the Jews of Al-Madinah,
`You have armor and forts! You should fight our citizen or we will do such and such to you, and nothing will prevent us from acquiring your women.’
The news of this letter also reached the Prophet and Bani An-Nadir intended to betray their treaty.
Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Prophet asking him to come with thirty of his Companions to meet thirty of their rabbis half way, from either side. They said that the rabbis would listen to the Prophet and if they believe in him, the rest of Bani An-Nadir would believe.
They intended to kill the Messenger, and Allah informed His Messenger of this plot before they could harm him. The next day, the Prophet gathered his forces and laid siege to their area, saying to them,
إِنَّكُمْ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلاَّ بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونَنِي عَلَيْه
By Allah! You will not be safe until and unless you renew your peace treaty with me.
They refused to do so, and the Prophet fought them the rest of that day. The next morning, the Prophet laid siege to the tribe of Bani Qurayzah and left Bani An-Nadir alone that day.
The Prophet ordered Bani Qurayzah to sign a new treaty of peace, and they accepted.
The Prophet left Bani Qurayzah and went back to Bani An-Nadir with his forces and fought them until they agreed to surrender in return for safe passage out of Al-Madinah. Bani An-Nadir evacuated Al-Madinah and took with them all whatever their camels could carry from their furniture, including even the wood and the doors to their houses.
The date trees of Bani An-Nadir were granted to the Messenger by Allah when He said,
وَمَا أَفَاء اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ
And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from them — for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry.
that is, what you earned without a fight. The Prophet divided most of their trees between the emigrants and gave to only two men who were poor from Al-Ansar. He did not give the Ansar any of it, except for these two men. The Prophet kept a part of the war booty for himself and that part of charity of the Prophet was transferred to the administration of his daughter’s children, i.e., children of Fatima.”
However, let us summarize the battle of Bani An-Nadir here. From Allah alone we seek help.
The Reason behind the Battle of Bani An-Nadir
After the seventy Companions whom the Prophet sent to teach the Qur’an were killed at the area of Bi’r Ma`unah, excluding `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri, who killed two men from the tribe of Bani `Amir on his way back to Al-Madinah. He did not know that these two men had a promise of safe passage from Allah’s Messenger. When he went back to Al-Madinah, he told the Prophet what happened and the Prophet said,
لَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ رَجُلَيْنِ لَاَدِيَنَّهُمَا
You have killed two men, I shall pay the blood money for them.
Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir were allies and had treaties. The Prophet asked Bani An-Nadir to help pay the blood money for the two dead men.
The area of Bani An-Nadir was in a suburb of Al-Madinah, a few miles to the east. In his book of Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said;
“Then the Messenger of Allah went to Bani An-Nadir to ask them for financial help to pay the blood money of the two men from Bani `Amir, who were killed by `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri. They had a promise of safe passage from the Prophet according to the (sub narrator) Yazid bin Ruman. Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir had a treaty and were allies.
When Allah’s Messenger went to Bani An-Nadir asking them for help to pay the blood money for the two men, they said, `
Yes, O Abu Al-Qasim! We will help you, since you asked us for help.’
Yet, when they met each other in secret, they said, `You will not find a better chance with this man than this,’ while the Messenger of Allah was sitting next to a wall of one of their houses.
They said, `Who will ascend this wall and drop a stone on this man and rid us of his trouble’
`Amr bin Jihash bin Ka`b volunteered and ascended the wall of the house to drop a stone on the Messenger.
The Messenger of Allah was sitting with several of his Companions, such as Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Ali. The news of this plot was conveyed to the Prophet from heaven, and he stood up and went back to Al-Madinah.
When the Companions thought that the Messenger was absent for a long time, they went to see where he was and saw a man coming from Al-Madinah. They asked him, and he said that he saw the Prophet enter Al-Madinah. The Messenger’s Companions went to him, and he told them the news of the betraying plot that the Jews planned against him. He ordered them to prepare for war and to march forth to Bani An-Nadir.
The Prophet gathered his forces and marched to the area of Bani An-Nadir, who had taken refuge in their fortified forts. The Messenger ordered their date trees be cut down and burned. The Jews heralded at the Prophet,
`O Muhammad! You used to forbid mischief in the earth and blame those who did it. Why is it that you had the date trees cut down and burned’
Meanwhile, Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, Wadi`ah, Malik bin Abi Qawqal, Suwayd, Da`is and several other men who all belonged to the tribe of Al-Khazraj bin Bani `Awf, sent a message to Bani An-Nadir saying,
`Be firm and strong. We will never abandon you. If you are fought against, we will fight along with you and if you are forced to leave Al-Madinah, we will accompany you.’
The Jews waited for this claim of support, but the hypocrites did not deliver. Allah cast terror in the hearts of the Jews. They asked the Messenger to allow them safe passage out of Al-Madinah and to spare their lives. In return, they would only take what their camels could carry, except for weapons.
The Prophet agreed. The Jews collected all the wealth their camels could transport. One of the Jews would demolish his own house around its door, so that he could carry the door on the back of his camel. Bani An-Nadir moved to Khyber, and some of them went to Ash-Sham.
They left all that remained behind for the Messenger of Allah, who had control over how it was to be divided. The Prophet divided it between the emigrants and none of Al-Ansar got a share, except for Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujanah Simak bin Kharashah. They said that they were poor and the Messenger of Allah gave them their share.
Only two men from Bani An-Nadir embraced Islam, Yamin bin Umayr bin Ka`b bin `Amr bin Jihash and Abu Sa`d bin Wahb and they saved their wealth due to their acceptance of Islam.”
Ibn Ishaq continued,
“Some of the offspring of Yamin narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah said to Yamin,
أَلَمْ تَرَ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنَ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ وَمَا هَمَّ بِهِ مِنْ شَأْنِي
Have you not heard what your cousin plotted to do against me?
Yamin bin `Umayr promised someone a reward if he killed his cousin `Amr bin Jihash, and someone killed him, according to their claim”
Ibn Ishaq then said,
“All of Surah Al-Hashr was revealed about Bani An-Nadir. ”
A similar story was recorded by Yunus bin Bukayr from Ibn Ishaq.
*****
Allah’s statement,
هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ
He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture,
refers to Bani An-Nadir,
مِن دِيَارِهِمْ لاَِوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ
..
from their homes at the first gathering.
Allah said,
مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُوا
You did not think that they would get out.
i.e., within the few days you laid siege against them. The Companions had surrounded their forts for only six days, and their forts were fortified and formidable.
This is why Allah the Exalted said,
وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُم مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ اللَّه
فَأَتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا
And they thought that their fortresses would defend them from Allah! But Allah reached them from a place where they expected it not.
meaning, there came to them from Allah what they did not expect or anticipate.
Allah said in another Ayah,
قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَـنَهُمْ مِّنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَـهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
Those before them indeed plotted, but Allah struck at the foundation of their building, and then the roof fell down upon them, from above them, and the torment overtook them from directions they did not perceive. (16:26)
Allah said,
وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ
and He cast terror into their hearts,
means, Allah cast fear, terror and fright in their hearts, and why would that not happen to them He who was given victory, by Allah frightening his enemies the distance of a month, laid siege to them. May Allah’s peace and blessings be on the Prophet.
As in Ibn Ishaq’s explanation — which preceded;
يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُوْمِنِينَ
that they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers.
the Jews brought down what they wanted to transport from their roofs and doors, so that they could carry them on camels.
Similar was said by `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and several others.
فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الاْاَبْصَارِ
Then take admonition, O you with eyes.
Allah’s statement
59:3
وَ لَوۡ لَاۤ اَنۡ کَتَبَ اللّٰہُ عَلَیۡہِمُ الۡجَلَآءَ لَعَذَّبَہُمۡ فِی الدُّنۡیَا ؕ وَ لَہُمۡ فِی الۡاٰخِرَۃِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ ﴿۳﴾
And if not that Allah had decreed for them evacuation, He would have punished them in [this] world, and for them in the Hereafter is the punishment of the Fire.
وَلَوْلَا أَن كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلَء لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا
And had it not been that Allah had decreed exile for them, He would certainly have punished them in this world;
meaning, if it was not for the fact that Allah had already decreed that they would evacuate Al-Madinah, leaving behind their homes and wealth, He would have sent another type of punishment upon them, such as being killed and captured.
This was said by Az-Zuhri. `Urwah, As-Suddi.
Ibn Zayd said that Allah decreed that the Jews would be punished in the life of this world and face the torment of the fire of Hell He prepared for them in the Hereafter.
Allah said,
وَلَهُمْ فِي الاْخِرَةِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ
and in the Hereafter theirs shall be the torment of the Fire.
meaning, it is a matter ordained that they will surely face
59:4
ذٰلِکَ بِاَنَّہُمۡ شَآقُّوا اللّٰہَ وَ رَسُوۡلَہٗ ۚ وَ مَنۡ یُّشَآقِّ اللّٰہَ فَاِنَّ اللّٰہَ شَدِیۡدُ الۡعِقَابِ ﴿۴﴾
That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allah – then indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.
ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger.
means, Allah prepared this specific punishment and sent His Messenger and his Companions against them, because they defied Allah and His Messenger and denied the good news that Allah sent forth in the Books of previous Messengers regarding the coming of Muhammad. The Jews knew these facts about Muhammad just as they knew their own children.
Allah said,
وَمَن يُشَاقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
And whosoever opposes Allah, then verily, Allah is Severe in punishment.
The Prophet Cut down the Date Trees of the Jews by the Leave of Allah
Allah said,
مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَايِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ
59:5
مَا قَطَعۡتُمۡ مِّنۡ لِّیۡنَۃٍ اَوۡ تَرَکۡتُمُوۡہَا قَآئِمَۃً عَلٰۤی اُصُوۡلِہَا فَبِاِذۡنِ اللّٰہِ وَ لِیُخۡزِیَ الۡفٰسِقِیۡنَ ﴿۵﴾
Whatever you have cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks – it was by permission of Allah and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient.
What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious.
Linah is an especially good type of date tree.
Abu Ubaydah said that Linah is a different kind of dates than Ajwah and Barni.
Several others said that Linah refers to every type of date fruits, except for the Ajwah (ripen dates), while Ibn Jarir said that it refers to all kinds of date trees.
Ibn Jarir quoted Mujahid saying that it also includes the Buwayrah type.
When the Messenger of Allah laid siege to Bani An-Nadir, to humiliate them and bring fear and terror to their hearts, he ordered their date trees to be cut down.
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Yazid bin Ruman, Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan said,
“Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Messenger, saying that he used to outlaw mischief in the earth, so why did he order that their trees be cut down? Allah sent down this honorable Ayah stating that whatever Linah was felled or left intact by the Muslims, has been done by His permission, will, leave and pleasure to humiliate and disgrace the enemy and degrade them.”
Mujahid said,
“Some of the emigrants discouraged others from chopping down the date trees of Jews, saying that they were war spoils for Muslims. The Qur’an approved of the actions of those who discouraged and those who approved of cutting these trees, stating that those who cut them or did not, did so only by Allah’s leave.”
There is also a Hadith narrated from the Prophet with this meaning.
An-Nasa’i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah’s statement,
مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَايِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ
What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious.
“They forced them to come down from their forts and were ordered to cut their trees cut down. So the Muslims hesitated, and some of them said, `We cut down some and left some. We must ask Allah’s Messenger if we will earn a reward for what we cut and if we will be burdened for what we left intact.’ Allah sent down this Ayah,
مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَايِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah.”
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Umar said;
the Messenger of Allah ordered that the date trees of Bani An-Nadir be cut down and burned.
The Two Sahihs collected a similar narration.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abdullah bin Umar said,
“Bani An-Nadir and Bani Qurayzah fought (against the Prophet), and the Prophet exiled Bani An-Nadir and allowed Bani Qurayzah to remain in their area until later, when the Prophet fought against Qurayzah. Their men were executed and their women, children and wealth were confiscated and divided among Muslims. Some of them, however, were saved because they returned to the Prophet’s side, who granted them asylum, and they embraced Islam. All of the Jews of Al-Madinah, Bani Qaynuqa`, the tribe of Abdullah bin Salam, Bani Harithah and the rest of the Jewish tribes in Al-Madinah were exiled.”
The Two Sahihs also recorded from Ibn Umar;
the Messenger of Allah burned down the date trees of Bani An-Nadir and had them cut down the date palms of Al-Buwayrah. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored revealed this Ayah,
مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَايِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ
What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious.
Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that the battle of Bani An-Nadir occurred after the battles of Uhud and Bi’r Ma`unah
59:6
وَ مَاۤ اَفَآءَ اللّٰہُ عَلٰی رَسُوۡلِہٖ مِنۡہُمۡ فَمَاۤ اَوۡجَفۡتُمۡ عَلَیۡہِ مِنۡ خَیۡلٍ وَّ لَا رِکَابٍ وَّ لٰکِنَّ اللّٰہَ یُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَہٗ عَلٰی مَنۡ یَّشَآءُ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ قَدِیۡرٌ ﴿۶﴾
And what Allah restored [of property] to His Messenger from them – you did not spur for it [in an expedition] any horses or camels, but Allah gives His messengers power over whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent.
The Fai’ and how it is spent
Allah the Exalted explains the regulations for Fai’, the booty that the Muslims acquire from the disbelievers, without fighting them or using cavalry and camelry in war against them.
For instance, the booty collected from Bani An-Nadir was not acquired because of fighting them using horses and camels. The Muslims did not fight Bani An-Nadir in battle, but Allah forced them out of their forts on account of the fear that He placed in their hearts for Allah’s Messenger Therefore, it was Fai’ that Allah awarded His Messenger, with his discretion to spend it however he sees fit.
Indeed, the Prophet spent the Fai’ on righteous causes and for the benefit of Muslims in the areas that Allah mentioned in this Ayat,
وَمَا أَفَاء اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ
And what Allah gave as booty (Fai’) to His Messenger from them.
meaning, from Bani An-Nadir,
فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ
for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry.
refering to using camels,
وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَاء
وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
But Allah gives power to His Messengers over whomsoever He wills. And Allah is Able to do all things.
mean, Allah is powerful and cannot be resisted or opposed; He is the Compeller over all things.
Allah the Exalted said
59:7
مَاۤ اَفَآءَ اللّٰہُ عَلٰی رَسُوۡلِہٖ مِنۡ اَہۡلِ الۡقُرٰی فَلِلّٰہِ وَ لِلرَّسُوۡلِ وَ لِذِی الۡقُرۡبٰی وَ الۡیَتٰمٰی وَ الۡمَسٰکِیۡنِ وَ ابۡنِ السَّبِیۡلِ ۙ کَیۡ لَا یَکُوۡنَ دُوۡلَۃًۢ بَیۡنَ الۡاَغۡنِیَآءِ مِنۡکُمۡ ؕ وَ مَاۤ اٰتٰىکُمُ الرَّسُوۡلُ فَخُذُوۡہُ ٭ وَ مَا نَہٰىکُمۡ عَنۡہُ فَانۡتَہُوۡا ۚ وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰہَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ شَدِیۡدُ الۡعِقَابِ ۘ﴿۷﴾
And what Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns – it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and orphans and the [stranded] traveler – so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you – take; and what he has forbidden you – refrain from. And fear Allah ; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.
مَّا أَفَاء اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى
What Allah gave as booty (Fai’) to His Messenger from the people of the townships,
meaning, from all the villages and areas that are conquered in this manner;
the booty collected from them falls under the same ruling as the booty acquired from Bani An-Nadir.
This is why Allah the Exalted said,
فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ
وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ
it is for Allah, His Messenger, the kindred, the orphans, the poor, and the wayfarer,
until its end and the following Ayah. mentioning the ways the Fai’ should be spent.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Umar said,
“The wealth of Bani An-Nadir was of the Fai’type that Allah awarded His Messenger and for which the Muslims did not have to use cavalry or camelry. Therefore, it was for the Messenger of Allah, and he used it for the needs of his family for a year at a time, and the rest was used to buy armors and weapons used in the cause of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored.”
Ahmad collected the short form of this story.
The Group, with the exception of Ibn Majah, collected this Hadith.
Abu Dawud recorded that Malik bin `Aws said,
“While I was at home, the sun rose high and it got hot. Suddenly the messenger of Umar bin Al-Khattab came to me and I went along with him and entered the place where Umar was sitting on a bedstead made of date-palm leaves and without a mattress. He said when I went in,
`O Malik! Some of your people’s families came to me due to their famine, and I have ordered that relief aid should be given to them, so take it and distribute it among them.’
I said, `I wish that you ordered someone else to do it.’
He said, `Take it.’
Then Yarfa (the servant of Umar) came saying, `O Commander of the faithful! May I admit `Uthman bin `Affan, `Abdur-Rahman bin `Awf, Az-Zubayr bin Al-`Awwam and Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas?’
Umar said, `Yes,’ and they came in.
After a while Yarfa came again and said, `O Commander of the faithful! May I admit Al-Abbas and Ali’?
Umar said, `Yes.’
So, they were admitted and Al-Abbas said, `O Chief of the believers! Judge between me and this one (i.e., Ali).’
The group (being `Uthman and his companions) said, `O Chief of the believers! Judge between them and relieve both of them from each other.’
I (Malik bin Aws) thought that they asked the four men to come in before them for this purpose.
Umar said, `Be patient!’
He then asked the group (Uthman and his companions), `I ask you by Allah by Whose permission the heaven and the earth exist, do you know that Allah’s Messenger said,
لَاا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَة
Our (the Prophet’s) property will not be inherited. Whatever we leave, is charity.
The group said, `He said so.’
Umar then turned to Ali and Al-Abbas and said,
`I beseech you by Allah by Whose permission the heaven and the earth exist, do you know both that Allah’s Messenger said,
لَاا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَة
Our (the Prophets) property will not be inherited. Whatever we leave, is charity.
They replied, `He said so.’
Umar then said,
`Allah bestowed on His Messenger a special favor unlike what he gave all other people. Allah the Exalted said,
وَمَا أَفَاء اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ
وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَن يَشَاء
وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
(And what Allah gave as booty (Fai’) to His Messenger from them — for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power to His Messengers over whomsoever He wills. And Allah is Able to do all things.
Therefore, this property, the booty collected from Bani An-Nadir, was especially given to Allah’s Messenger. However, by Allah, neither did he take possession of it and leave you, nor did he favor himself with it to your exclusion. Allah’s Messenger took the yearly expenses from it for himself and his family and left the rest in the Muslim Treasury.’
He then asked the group, `I ask you by Allah with Whose permission the heavens and earth exist, do you know this’
They replied, `Yes.’
Umar then said to Ali and Al-Abbas, `I ask you by Allah, with Whose permission that heavens and earth exist, do you know this’
They said, `Yes.’
Umar added,
`When Allah took His Prophet unto Him, Abu Bakr said:I am the successor of Allah’s Messenger! Then you both came to Abu Bakr asking for your (Al-Abbas’) share of inheritance from your nephew, and he (Ali) asked for his wife’s share from her father’s inheritance. Abu Bakr said:Allah’s Messenger said,
لَاا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَة
Our (the Prophets’) property will not be inherited. Whatever we leave, is charity.”
Allah knows that Abu Bakr was true, pious, rightly guided and a follower of what was right. So, Abu Bakr assumed the responsibility of that property. When Abu Bakr died, I said:I am the successor of Allah’s Messenger and the successor of Abu Bakr. So I managed it as long as Allah allowed me to manage it. Then you both (`Ali and Al-`Abbas) came to talk to me, bearing the same claim and presenting the same case, asking for that property. I said to you:I am ready to hand over this property to you if you wish. I will do so on the condition that you will take a pledge before Allah’s that you will manage it in the same way as Allah’s Messenger used to. So, both of you agreed and on that condition I handed it over to you. Now you come to me to render a different judgement over the property than the one I made before. By Allah, I will never give any decision other than what I have already given, until the Last Hour begins. If you are unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will do the job on your behalf,”
They recorded this from the Hadith of Az-Zuhri.
Allah said,
كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الاَْغْنِيَاء مِنكُمْ
in order that it may not become a fortune used by the rich among you.
means, `We made the expenditures for the Fai’ like this, so that the wealth does not remain among the wealthy, who would spend it as they wish and desire and give none of it to the poor.’
Ordering Obedience of the Messenger in All Commands and Prohibitions
Allah the Exalted said,
وَمَا اتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانتَهُوا
And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it).
meaning, `whatever the Messenger commands you, then do it and whatever he forbids you, then avoid it. Surely, He only commands righteousness and forbids evil.’
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Mas`ud said,
“Allah curses women who practice tattooing and those who get themselves tattooed, and the women who remove the hair from their eyebrows and faces and those who make artificial spaces between their teeth in order to look more beautiful, whereby changing Allah’s creation.”
His statement reached a woman from Bani Asad called, Umm Ya`qub, who came to Abdullah and said, “I have come to know that you have cursed such and such”
He replied, “Why should I not curse those whom Allah’s Messenger has cursed and who are cursed in Allah’s Book!”
Umm Ya`qub said, “I have read the whole Qur’an, but did not find in it what you say.”
He said, “Verily, if you have read the Qur’an, you have found it. Didn’t you read,
وَمَا اتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانتَهُوا
(And whatsoever the Messenger gives you take it and whatsoever he forbids you, you abstain (from it)).”
She replied, “Yes, I did.”
He said, “Verily, Allah’s Messenger forbade such things.”
She said, “But I think that your wife does these things”
He said, “Go and look at her.”
She went and watched her, but could not see anything in support of her claim. She went back to Abdullah bin Mas`ud and said that she did not notice anything on his wife. On that he said,
“If my wife was as you thought, I would not keep her with me.”
The Two Sahihs recorded this from the Hadith of Sufyan Ath-Thawri. As well as a Hadith of Abu Hurayrah, who said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ فَايْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ وَمَا نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ فَاجْتَنِبُوه
When I order you to do something, then do as much as you can of it. If I forbid something for you, then shun it.
Allah’s statement,
وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
Have Taqwa of Allah; verily, Allah is Severe in punishment.
means, fear Allah by obeying His orders and refraining from His prohibitions. Surely, Allah is severe in punishment for those who defy Him and reject and disobey His commands as well as, those who commit what He forbids and prohibits
59:8
لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ الۡمُہٰجِرِیۡنَ الَّذِیۡنَ اُخۡرِجُوۡا مِنۡ دِیَارِہِمۡ وَ اَمۡوَالِہِمۡ یَبۡتَغُوۡنَ فَضۡلًا مِّنَ اللّٰہِ وَ رِضۡوَانًا وَّ یَنۡصُرُوۡنَ اللّٰہَ وَ رَسُوۡلَہٗ ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ ہُمُ الصّٰدِقُوۡنَ ۚ﴿۸﴾
For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allah and [His] approval and supporting Allah and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful.
Those Who deserve the Fai’; and the Virtues of the Muhajirin and Al-Ansar
Allah states;
لِلْفُقَرَاء الْمُهَاجِرِينَ
(And there is also a share in this booty) for the poor emigrants,
Allah states the categories of needy people who also deserve a part of the Fai’,
الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِن دِيارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ
يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلً مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا
who were expelled from their homes and their property, seeking bounties from Allah and (His) good pleasure,
meaning, departed their homes and defied their people, seeking the acceptance of Allah and His favor,
وَيَنصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
أُوْلَيِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ
and helping Allah and His Messenger. Such are indeed the truthful.
meaning, `they are those who were truthful in statement and deed, and they are the chiefs of the Muhajirin.’
Allah the Exalted praised the Ansar next and emphasized their virtue, status and honor, preferring to give to others over themselves, even though they were in need, and not feeling enviousness.
Allah the Exalted said
59:9
وَ الَّذِیۡنَ تَبَوَّؤُ الدَّارَ وَ الۡاِیۡمَانَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِہِمۡ یُحِبُّوۡنَ مَنۡ ہَاجَرَ اِلَیۡہِمۡ وَ لَا یَجِدُوۡنَ فِیۡ صُدُوۡرِہِمۡ حَاجَۃً مِّمَّاۤ اُوۡتُوۡا وَ یُؤۡثِرُوۡنَ عَلٰۤی اَنۡفُسِہِمۡ وَ لَوۡ کَانَ بِہِمۡ خَصَاصَۃٌ ؕ۟ وَ مَنۡ یُّوۡقَ شُحَّ نَفۡسِہٖ فَاُولٰٓئِکَ ہُمُ الۡمُفۡلِحُوۡنَ ۚ﴿۹﴾
And [also for] those who were settled in al-Madinah and [adopted] the faith before them. They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what the emigrants were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul – it is those who will be the successful.
وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّوُوا الدَّارَ وَالاْاِيمَانَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ
And (it is also for) those who, before them, had homes and had adopted the faith,
referring to those who resided in the city to which the migration occurred, before the emigrants arrived at it, and who embraced the faith before many of the emigrants.
Umar said,
“I recommend the Khalifah, who will come after me, to know the rights and virtues of the foremost Muhajirin and to preserve their honor. I also recommend him to be kind to the Ansar, those who resided in the city of Hijrah and embraced the faith beforehand, that he accepts the good that comes from those who do good among them and forgives those among them who commit errors.”
Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith.
Allah said,
يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ
love those who emigrate to them,
indicates that they, on account of their generosity and honorable conduct, loved those who emigrated to them and comforted them with their wealth.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said,
“The Muhajirin said, `O Allah’s Messenger! We have never met people like those whom we emigrated to; comforting us in times of scarcity and giving us with a good heart in times of abundance. They have sufficed for us and shared their wealth with us so much so, that we feared that they might earn the whole reward instead of us.’
He said,
لَاا مَا أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَدَعَوْتُمُ اللهَ لَهُم
No they won’t, as long you thanked them for what they did and invoked Allah for them.”
I have not seen this version in the other books.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Yahya bin Sa`id heard Anas bin Malik, when he went with him to Al-Walid, saying,
“The Prophet called Ansar to divide Al-Bahrayn among them. The Ansar said, `Not until you give a similar portion to our emigrant brothers.’
He said,
إِمَّا لَا فَاصْبِرُوا حَتْى تَلْقَوْنِي فَإِنَّهُ سَيُصِيبُكُمْ بَعْدِي أَثَرَة
Perhaps, no;
but you will soon see people giving preference to others, so remain patient until you meet me (on the Day of Resurrection).”
Al-Bukhari was alone with this version.
He also recorded that Abu Hurayrah said,
“The Ansar said (to the Prophet), `Distribute our date-palms between us and our emigrant brothers.’
He replied, `No.’
The Ansar said (to the emigrants), `Look tend to the trees and share the fruits with us.’
The emigrants said, `We hear and obey.”‘
Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, recorded it.
The Ansar never envied the Muhajirin
Allah said,
وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوتُوا
and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given,
meaning, the Ansar did not have any envy for the Muhajirin because of the better status, rank, or more exalted grade that Allah gave the Muhajirin above them.
Allah’s statement,
مِّمَّا أُوتُوا
(that which they have been given), refers to what the Muhajirin were favored with, according to Qatadah and Ibn Zayd.
Selflessness of the Ansar
Allah said,
وَيُوْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ
and give them preference over themselves even though they were in need of that.
meaning, they preferred giving to the needy rather than attending to their own needs, and began by giving the people before their own selves, even though they too were in need.
An authentic Hadith stated that the Messenger of Allah said,
أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ جُهْدُ الْمُقِل
The best charity is that given when one is in need and struggling.
This exalted rank is better than the rank of those whom Allah described in His statements,
وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ
And they give food, inspite of their love for it. (76:8),
and,
وَءَاتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ
And gives his wealth, in spite of love for it. (2:177)
The latter give charity even though they love the wealth they give, not that they really need it, nor that it is necessary for them to keep it. The former prefer others to themselves even though they are in need and have a necessity for what they spend in charity. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq gave away all his wealth in charity and Allah’s Messenger asked him,
What did you keep for your family, and he said,
“I kept for them Allah and His Messenger.”
Ikrimah (bin Abi Jahl) and two other wounded fighters were offered water when they were injured during the battle of Al-Yarmuk, and each one of them said that the sip of water should be given to another of the three wounded men. They did so even though they were badly injured and craving water. When the water reached the third man, he and the other two died and none of them drank any of the water! May Allah be pleased with them and make them pleased with Him.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said,
“A man came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah’s Messenger! Poverty has stuck me.’
The Prophet sent a messenger to his wives (to bring something for that man to eat) but they said that they had nothing. Then Allah’s Messenger said,
أَلَا رَجُلٌ يُضَيِّفُ هَذَا اللَّيْلَةَ رَحِمَهُ الله
Who will invite this person or entertain him as a guest tonight; may Allah grant His mercy to him who does so.
An Ansari man said, `I, O Allah’s Messenger!’
So he took him to his wife and said to her, `Entertain the guest of Allah’s Messenger generously.’
She said, `By Allah! We have nothing except the meal for my children.’
He said, `Let your children sleep if they ask for supper. Then turn off the lamp and we go to bed tonight while hungry.’
She did what he asked her to do.
In the morning the Ansari went to Allah’s Messenger who said,
لَقَدْ عَجِبَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَوْ ضَحِكَ مِنْ فُلَنٍ وَفُلَنَة
Allah wondered (favorably) or laughed at the action of so-and-so and his wife.
Then Allah revealed,
..
وَيُوْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ
and they give them preference over themselves even though they were in need of that. ”
Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in another part of his Sahih.
Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa’i collected this Hadith.
In another narration for this Hadith, the Companion’s name was mentioned, it was Abu Talhah Al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him.
Allah said,
وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَيِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are they who will be the successful.
indicating that those who are saved from being stingy, then they have earned success and a good achievement.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظُّلْمَ فَإِنَّ الظُّلْمَ ظُلُمَاتٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
وَاتَّقُوا الشُّحَّ فَإِنَّ الشُّحَّ أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ حَمَلَهُمْ عَلى أَنْ سَفَكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَاسْتَحَلُّوا مَحَارِمَهُم
– Be on your guard against committing oppression, for oppression is darkness on the Day of Resurrection.
– Be on your guard against being stingy, for being stingy is what destroyed those who were before you. It made them shed blood and make lawful what was unlawful for them.
Muslim collected this Hadith.
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Al-Aswad bin Hilal said that a man said to `Abdullah (bin Mas`ud),
“O Abu Abdur-Rahman! I fear that I have earned destruction for myself.”
Abdullah asked him what the matter was and he said, “I hear Allah’s saying,
..
وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَيِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are they who will be the successful.
and I am somewhat a miser who barely gives away anything.”
Abdullah said,
“That is not the greed Allah mentioned in the Qur’an, which pertains to illegally consuming your brother’s wealth. What you have is miserliness, and it is an evil thing indeed to be a miser.”
Allah said,
وَالَّذِينَ جَاوُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلاِِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالاِْيمَان
وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّ لِّلَّذِينَ امَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَوُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
59:10
وَ الَّذِیۡنَ جَآءُوۡ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِہِمۡ یَقُوۡلُوۡنَ رَبَّنَا اغۡفِرۡ لَنَا وَ لِاِخۡوَانِنَا الَّذِیۡنَ سَبَقُوۡنَا بِالۡاِیۡمَانِ وَ لَا تَجۡعَلۡ فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِنَا غِلًّا لِّلَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا رَبَّنَاۤ اِنَّکَ رَءُوۡفٌ رَّحِیۡمٌ ﴿٪۱۰﴾
And [there is a share for] those who came after them, saying, “Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts [any] resentment toward those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind and Merciful.”
And those who came after them say:
“Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed.
Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.
This is the third type of believers whose poor most deserve to receive a part of the Fai’. These three types are
the Muhajirin,
the Ansar and
those who followed their righteous lead with excellence.
Allah said in another Ayah,
وَالسَّـبِقُونَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَـجِرِينَ وَالَانْصَـرِ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُم بِإِحْسَانٍ رَّضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ
And of the foremost to embrace Islam of the Muhajirin and the Ansar and also those who followed them exactly, Allah is well-pleased with them as they are well-pleased with Him. (9:100)
The third type are those who followed the Muhajirin and Ansar in their good works, beautiful attributes and who invoke Allah for them in public and secret.
This is why Allah the Exalted said in this honorable Ayah,
وَالَّذِينَ جَاوُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ
And those who came after them say,
meaning, the statement that they utter is,
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلاِِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالاِْيمَان
وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّ
Our Lord!
Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred,
meaning, rage or envy,
لِّلَّذِينَ امَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَوُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
against those who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.
Indeed, it is a beautiful way that Imam Malik used this honorable Ayah to declare that the Rafidah who curse the Companions do not have a share in the Fai’ money, because they do not have the good quality of those whom Allah has described here that they say,
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلاِِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالاِْيمَان
وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّ لِّلَّذِينَ امَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَوُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that A’ishah said,
“They were commanded to invoke Allah to forgive them, but instead, they cursed them!”
She then recited this Ayah,
وَالَّذِينَ جَاوُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلاِِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالاِْيمَان
And those who came after them say:”Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed.”
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