أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1038)
[To worder good things and to prohibition of bad things:-]
www.motaher21.net
Sura:31:Luqman
Para:21
Ayat: – 20-34
31:20
اَلَمۡ تَرَوۡا اَنَّ اللّٰہَ سَخَّرَ لَکُمۡ مَّا فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ مَا فِی الۡاَرۡضِ وَ اَسۡبَغَ عَلَیۡکُمۡ نِعَمَہٗ ظَاہِرَۃً وَّ بَاطِنَۃً ؕ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنۡ یُّجَادِلُ فِی اللّٰہِ بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمٍ وَّ لَا ہُدًی وَّ لَا کِتٰبٍ مُّنِیۡرٍ ﴿۲۰﴾
Do you not see that Allah has made subject to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth and amply bestowed upon you His favors, [both] apparent and unapparent? But of the people is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge or guidance or an enlightening Book [from Him].
Reminder of Blessings Here
Allah says:
أَلَمْ تَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الاَْرْضِ وَأَسْبَغَ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعَمَهُ ظَاهِرَةً وَبَاطِنَةً
See you not that Allah has subjected for you whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth, and has completed and perfected His graces upon you, apparent and hidden!
Allah reminds His creation of the blessings He bestows upon them in this world and the Hereafter. In the heavens He has subjugated for them the stars which give them light during the night and during the day, and He has created clouds, rain, snow and hail, and made the heavens a canopy which covers and protects them. On earth He has created for them stability and rivers, trees, crops and fruits; He has completed and perfected His graces upon them, apparent and hidden, by sending Messengers, revealing Books and removing doubts and excuses. Yet despite all this, not all the people believe, and indeed there are those who dispute concerning Allah, that is, His Tawhid, and His sending the Messengers. Their dispute is without knowledge and they have no sound evidence or valid inherited Book.
Allah says:
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلَا هُدًى وَلَا كِتَابٍ مُّنِيرٍ
Yet of mankind is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge or guidance or a Book giving light!
meaning clear and unambiguous.
Allah says
31:21
وَ اِذَا قِیۡلَ لَہُمُ اتَّبِعُوۡا مَاۤ اَنۡزَلَ اللّٰہُ قَالُوۡا بَلۡ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدۡنَا عَلَیۡہِ اٰبَآءَنَا ؕ اَوَ لَوۡ کَانَ الشَّیۡطٰنُ یَدۡعُوۡہُمۡ اِلٰی عَذَابِ السَّعِیۡرِ ﴿۲۱﴾
And when it is said to them, “Follow what Allah has revealed,” they say, “Rather, we will follow that upon which we found our fathers.” Even if Satan was inviting them to the punishment of the Blaze?
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ
And when it is said to them,
means, to these people who dispute about the Oneness of Allah.
اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ
“Follow that which Allah has sent down,”
means, the pure Divine Laws that He has sent down to His Messengers,
قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ ابَاءنَا
they say:”Nay, we shall follow that which we found our fathers (following).”
means, they have no other proof except the fact that they are following their forefathers.
Allah says:
أَوَلَوْ كَانَ ءَابَاوُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ شَيْيًا وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ
Even though their fathers did not understand anything nor were they guided. (2:170)
meaning, `what do you think, you who take the forefathers’ deeds as proof, that they were misguided and you are following in their footsteps!’
Allah says:
أَوَلَوْ كَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ
Even if Shaytan invites them to the torment of the Fire
31:22
وَ مَنۡ یُّسۡلِمۡ وَجۡہَہٗۤ اِلَی اللّٰہِ وَ ہُوَ مُحۡسِنٌ فَقَدِ اسۡتَمۡسَکَ بِالۡعُرۡوَۃِ الۡوُثۡقٰی ؕ وَ اِلَی اللّٰہِ عَاقِبَۃُ الۡاُمُوۡرِ ﴿۲۲﴾
And whoever submits his face to Allah while he is a doer of good – then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold. And to Allah will be the outcome of [all] matters.
Allah says:
وَمَن يُسْلِمْ وَجْهَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ
And whosoever submits his face (himself) to Allah,
Allah tells us that whoever submits his face to Allah, i.e., does deeds sincerely for His sake, submits to His commandments and follows His Laws,
وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ
while he is a Muhsin,
i.e., doing what his Lord has commanded and abstaining from what He has forbidden,
فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى
then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold.
means, he has received a firm promise from Allah that He will not punish him.
وَإِلَى اللَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الاْإُمُورِ
And to Allah return all matters for decision
31:23
وَ مَنۡ کَفَرَ فَلَا یَحۡزُنۡکَ کُفۡرُہٗ ؕ اِلَیۡنَا مَرۡجِعُہُمۡ فَنُنَبِّئُہُمۡ بِمَا عَمِلُوۡا ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ عَلِیۡمٌۢ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُوۡرِ ﴿۲۳﴾
And whoever has disbelieved – let not his disbelief grieve you. To Us is their return, and We will inform them of what they did. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of that within the breasts.
وَمَن كَفَرَ فَلَ يَحْزُنكَ كُفْرُهُ
And whoever disbelieves, let not his disbelief grieve you.
means, `do not grieve over them, O Muhammad, because they disbelieve in Allah and in the Message you have brought, for their return will be to Allah and He will tell them what they used to do,’ i.e., He will punish them for it.
إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ فَنُنَبِّيُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا
To Us is their return, and We shall inform them what they have done.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ
Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of what is in the breasts.
and nothing whatsoever is hidden from Him.
Then Allah says
31:24
نُمَتِّعُہُمۡ قَلِیۡلًا ثُمَّ نَضۡطَرُّہُمۡ اِلٰی عَذَابٍ غَلِیۡظٍ ﴿۲۴﴾
We grant them enjoyment for a little; then We will force them to a massive punishment.
نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلً
We let them enjoy for a little while,
means, in this world,
ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ
then in the end We shall oblige them,
means, `We shall cause them,’
إِلَى عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ
to (enter) a great torment.
means, a torment that is terrifying and difficult to bear.
This is like the Ayah,
قُلْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ
مَتَـعٌ فِى الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ ثُمَّ نُذِيقُهُمُ الْعَذَابَ الشَّدِيدَ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكْفُرُونَ
“Verily, those who invent a lie against Allah, will never be successful.”
Enjoyment in this world! and then unto Us will be their return, then We shall make them taste the severest torment because they used to disbelieve. (10:69-70)
31:25
وَ لَئِنۡ سَاَلۡتَہُمۡ مَّنۡ خَلَقَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الۡاَرۡضَ لَیَقُوۡلُنَّ اللّٰہُ ؕ قُلِ الۡحَمۡدُ لِلّٰہِ ؕ بَلۡ اَکۡثَرُہُمۡ لَا یَعۡلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۲۵﴾
And if you asked them, “Who created the heavens and earth?” they would surely say, ” Allah .” Say, “[All] praise is [due] to Allah “; but most of them do not know.
The Idolators admitted that Allah is the Creator
Allah tells us that these idolators who associated others with Him admitted that Allah Alone, with no partner or associate, is the Creator of heaven and earth yet they still worshipped others besides Him who they recognized were created by Him and subjugated to Him.
Allah says:
وَلَيِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالاَْرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ
And if you ask them:”Who has created the heavens and the earth,” they will certainly say:”Allah.”
Say:”All the praises and thanks be to Allah!”
By their admitting that, proof is established against them,
بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
But most of them know not.
Then Allah says
31:26
لِلّٰہِ مَا فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الۡاَرۡضِ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ ہُوَ الۡغَنِیُّ الۡحَمِیۡدُ ﴿۲۶﴾
To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and earth. Indeed, Allah is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.
لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالاَْرْضِ
To Allah belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth.
meaning, He created it and has dominion over it.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ
Verily, Allah, He is Al-Ghani, Worthy of all praise.
means, He has no need of anyone or anything besides Himself, and everything else is in need of Him.
He is Worthy of praise for all that He has created, so praise be to Him in the heavens and on earth for all that He has created and decreed, and He is worthy of praise in all affairs
31:27
وَ لَوۡ اَنَّ مَا فِی الۡاَرۡضِ مِنۡ شَجَرَۃٍ اَقۡلَامٌ وَّ الۡبَحۡرُ یَمُدُّہٗ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِہٖ سَبۡعَۃُ اَبۡحُرٍ مَّا نَفِدَتۡ کَلِمٰتُ اللّٰہِ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ عَزِیۡزٌ حَکِیۡمٌ ﴿۲۷﴾
And if whatever trees upon the earth were pens and the sea [was ink], replenished thereafter by seven [more] seas, the words of Allah would not be exhausted. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.
The Words of Allah cannot be counted or exhausted
Allah tells us of His might, pride, majesty, beautiful Names and sublime attributes, and His perfect Words which no one can encompass. No human being knows their essence or nature, or how many they are. As the Leader of Mankind and Seal of the Messengers said:
لَاا أُحْصِي ثَنَاءً عَلَيْكَ أَنْتَ كَمَا أَثْنَيْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِك
I cannot praise You enough; You are as You have praised yourself.
Allah says:
وَلَوْ أَنَّمَا فِي الاَْرْضِ مِن شَجَرَةٍ أَقْلَمٌ وَالْبَحْرُ يَمُدُّهُ مِن بَعْدِهِ سَبْعَةُ أَبْحُرٍ مَّا نَفِدَتْ كَلِمَاتُ اللَّهِ
And if all the trees on the earth were pens and the sea, with seven seas behind it to add to its, yet the Words of Allah would not be exhausted.
meaning, even if all the trees on earth were made into pens and the sea was made into ink, and topped up with seven more like it, and they were used to write the Words of Allah showing His might, attributes and majesty, the pens would break and the ink would run dry, even if more were brought.
The number seven is used to indicate a large amount, it is not to be taken literally or to be understood as referring to the seven oceans of the world, as was suggested by those who took this idea from Israelite stories, which we neither believe nor reject.
As Allah says elsewhere:
قُل لَّوْ كَانَ الْبَحْرُ مِدَاداً لِّكَلِمَـتِ رَبِّى لَنَفِدَ الْبَحْرُ قَبْلَ أَن تَنفَدَ كَلِمَـتُ رَبِّى وَلَوْ جِيْنَا بِمِثْلِهِ مَدَداً
Say:”If the sea were ink for the Words of my Lord, surely, the sea would be exhausted before the Words of my Lord would be finished, even if We brought like it for its aid.” (18:109)
The words
بِمِثْلِهِ
(like it) do not mean merely another one, but another like it and another and another and another, etc., because there is no limit to the signs and Words of Allah.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
Verily, Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.
means, He is All-Mighty and has subjugated all things to His will, so nothing can prevent what He wills, and none can oppose or put back His decision. He is All-Wise in His creation, commands, Words, actions, Laws and all His affairs
31:28
مَا خَلۡقُکُمۡ وَ لَا بَعۡثُکُمۡ اِلَّا کَنَفۡسٍ وَّاحِدَۃٍ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ سَمِیۡعٌۢ بَصِیۡرٌ ﴿۲۸﴾
Your creation and your resurrection will not be but as that of a single soul. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Seeing.
مَّا خَلْقُكُمْ وَلَا بَعْثُكُمْ إِلاَّا كَنَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ
The creation of you all and the resurrection of you all are only as a single person.
means, His creation and resurrection of all of mankind on the Day of Resurrection is, in relation to His power, like the creation and resurrection of a single soul; all of this is easy for Him.
إِنَّمَأ أَمْرُهُ إِذَا أَرَادَ شَيْياً أَن يَقُولَ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ
Verily, His command, when He intends a thing, is only that He says to it, “Be!” — and it is! (36:82)
وَمَأ أَمْرُنَأ إِلاَّ وَحِدَةٌ كَلَمْحٍ بِالْبَصَرِ
And Our commandment is but one as the twinkling of an eye. (54:50)
This means He only has to command a thing once, and it will happen. There is no need for Him to repeat it or confirm it.
فَإِنَّمَا هِىَ زَجْرَةٌ وَحِدَةٌ
فَإِذَا هُم بِالسَّاهِرَةِ
But it will be only a single Zajrah. When behold, they find themselves on the surface of the earth alive after their death. (79:13-14)
إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ
Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.
means, just as He hears all that they say, so He also sees all that they do, as if He is hearing and seeing a single soul. His power over all of them is like His power over a single soul, Allah says:
مَّا خَلْقُكُمْ وَلَا بَعْثُكُمْ إِلاَّا كَنَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ
(The creation of you all and the resurrection of you all are only as a single person).
31:29
اَلَمۡ تَرَ اَنَّ اللّٰہَ یُوۡلِجُ الَّیۡلَ فِی النَّہَارِ وَ یُوۡلِجُ النَّہَارَ فِی الَّیۡلِ وَ سَخَّرَ الشَّمۡسَ وَ الۡقَمَرَ ۫ کُلٌّ یَّجۡرِیۡۤ اِلٰۤی اَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّی وَّ اَنَّ اللّٰہَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ خَبِیۡرٌ ﴿۲۹﴾
Do you not see that Allah causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enter the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term, and that Allah, with whatever you do, is Acquainted?
The Might and Power of Allah Allah tells us that He
Allah says:
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ
وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ
See you not that Allah merges the night into the day, and merges the day into the night,
meaning, He takes from the night and adds to the day, so that the day becomes longer and the night shorter, which is what happens in summer when the days are longest; then the day starts to become shorter and the night longer, which is what happens in winter.
وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى
and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running its course for a term appointed;
It was said that this means, each runs within its set limits, or it means until the Day of Resurrection; both meanings are correct.
The first view is supported by the Hadith of Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, in the Two Sahihs, according to which the Messenger of Allah said:
يَا أَبَا ذَرَ أَتَدْرِي أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسُ
O Abu Dharr! Do you know where this sun goes?
I (Abu Dharr) said:”Allah and His Messenger know best.”
He said:
فَإِنَّهَا تَذْهَبُ فَتَسْجُدُ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ ثُمَّ تَسْتَأْذِنُ رَبَّهَا فَيُوشِكُ أَنْ يُقَالَ لَهَا ارْجِعِي مِنْ حَيْثُ جِيْت
It goes and prostrates beneath the Throne, then it seeks permission from its Lord, and soon it will be said:”Go back from whence you came.”
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn Abbas said,
“The sun is like flowing water, running in its course in the sky during the day. When it sets, it travels in its course beneath the earth until it rises in the east.”
He said,
“The same is true in the case of the moon.”
Its chain of narration is Sahih.
وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
and that Allah is All-Aware of what you do.
This is like the Ayah,
أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِى السَّمَأءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ
Know you not that Allah knows all that is in the heaven and the earth. (22:70)
The meaning is that Allah is the Creator Who knows all things, as He says:
اللَّهُ الَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَـوَتٍ وَمِنَ الاٌّرْضِ مِثْلَهُنَّ
It is Allah Who has created seven heavens and of the earth the like thereof. (65:12)
31:30
ذٰلِکَ بِاَنَّ اللّٰہَ ہُوَ الۡحَقُّ وَ اَنَّ مَا یَدۡعُوۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِہِ الۡبَاطِلُ ۙ وَ اَنَّ اللّٰہَ ہُوَ الۡعَلِیُّ الۡکَبِیۡرُ ﴿٪۳۰﴾
That is because Allah is the Truth, and that what they call upon other than Him is falsehood, and because Allah is the Most High, the Grand.
ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ الْبَاطِلُ
That is because Allah, He is the Truth, and that which they invoke besides Him is falsehood;
means, He shows you His Signs so that you may know from them that He is the Truth, i.e., He truly exists and is truly divine, and that all else besides Him is falsehood. He has no need of anything else, but everything else is dependent on Him, because everything in heaven and on earth is created by Him and is enslaved by Him; none of them could move even an atom’s weight except with His permission. If all the people of heaven and earth were to come together to create a fly, they would not be able to do so.
Allah says:
وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ
and that Allah, He is the Most High, the Most Great.
meaning, He is the Most High and there is none higher than Him, and He is the Most Great Who is greater than everything. Everything is subjugated and insignificant in comparison to Him
31:31
اَلَمۡ تَرَ اَنَّ الۡفُلۡکَ تَجۡرِیۡ فِی الۡبَحۡرِ بِنِعۡمَتِ اللّٰہِ لِیُرِیَکُمۡ مِّنۡ اٰیٰتِہٖ ؕ اِنَّ فِیۡ ذٰلِکَ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّکُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَکُوۡرٍ ﴿۳۱﴾
Do you not see that ships sail through the sea by the favor of Allah that He may show you of His signs? Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful.
Allah tells us that He is the One Who has subjugated the sea so that ships may sail on it by His command, i.e., by His grace and power.
Allah says:
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ الْفُلْكَ تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِنِعْمَتِ اللَّهِ
See you not that the ships sail through the sea by Allah’s grace
For if He did not give the water the strength to carry the ships, they would not sail. So he says:
لِيُرِيَكُم مِّنْ ايَاتِهِ
that He may show you of His signs, meaning, by His power.
إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَايَاتٍ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
Verily, in this are signs for every patient, grateful.
means, every person who bears difficulty with patience and who gives thanks at times of ease.
Then Allah says
31:32
وَ اِذَا غَشِیَہُمۡ مَّوۡجٌ کَالظُّلَلِ دَعَوُا اللّٰہَ مُخۡلِصِیۡنَ لَہُ الدِّیۡنَ ۬ۚ فَلَمَّا نَجّٰہُمۡ اِلَی الۡبَرِّ فَمِنۡہُمۡ مُّقۡتَصِدٌ ؕ وَ مَا یَجۡحَدُ بِاٰیٰتِنَاۤ اِلَّا کُلُّ خَتَّارٍ کَفُوۡرٍ ﴿۳۲﴾
And when waves come over them like canopies, they supplicate Allah, sincere to Him in religion. But when He delivers them to the land, there are [some] of them who are moderate [in faith]. And none rejects Our signs except everyone treacherous and ungrateful.
وَإِذَا غَشِيَهُم مَّوْجٌ كَالظُّلَلِ
And when waves cover them like shades,
meaning, like mountains or clouds,
دَعَوُا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ
they invoke Allah, making their invocations for Him only.
This is like the Ayah,
وَإِذَا مَسَّكُمُ الْضُّرُّ فِى الْبَحْرِ ضَلَّ مَن تَدْعُونَ إِلَا إِيَّاهُ
And when harm touches you upon the sea, those that you call upon vanish from you except Him. (17:67)
فَإِذَا رَكِبُواْ فِى الْفُلْكِ
And when they embark on a ship… (29:65)
Then Allah says:
فَلَمَّا نَجَّاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ فَمِنْهُم مُّقْتَصِدٌ
But when He brings them safe to land, there are among them those that stop in between.
Mujahid said,
“This refers to the disbelievers — as if he interpreted the word Muqtasid to mean denier as in the Ayah,
فَلَمَّا نَجَّاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ إِذَا هُمْ يُشْرِكُونَ
but when He brings them safely to land, behold, they give a share of their worship to others. (29:65)
وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِأيَاتِنَا إِلاَّ كُلُّ خَتَّارٍ كَفُورٍ
And Our Ayat are not denied except by every Khattar Kafur.
Khattar means one who betrays or stabs in the back.
This was the view of Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and Malik, narrating from Zayd bin Aslam.
This word describes a person who, whenever he makes a promise, breaks his promise, and it refers to the worst form of treachery.
كَفُورٍ
(Kafur) means,
one who denies blessings and does not give thanks for them, rather he forgets them and does not remember them
31:33
یٰۤاَیُّہَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوۡا رَبَّکُمۡ وَ اخۡشَوۡا یَوۡمًا لَّا یَجۡزِیۡ وَالِدٌ عَنۡ وَّلَدِہٖ ۫ وَ لَا مَوۡلُوۡدٌ ہُوَ جَازٍ عَنۡ وَّالِدِہٖ شَیۡئًا ؕ اِنَّ وَعۡدَ اللّٰہِ حَقٌّ فَلَا تَغُرَّنَّکُمُ الۡحَیٰوۃُ الدُّنۡیَا ٝ وَ لَا یَغُرَّنَّکُمۡ بِاللّٰہِ الۡغَرُوۡرُ ﴿۳۳﴾
O mankind, fear your Lord and fear a Day when no father will avail his son, nor will a son avail his father at all. Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth, so let not the worldly life delude you and be not deceived about Allah by the Deceiver.
The Command to fear Allah and remember the Day of Resurrection
Allah says:
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَاخْشَوْا يَوْمًا
O mankind!
Have Taqwa of your Lord, and fear a Day when,
Here Allah warns people about the Day of Resurrection, and commands them to fear Him and remember the Day of Resurrection when
لاَّا يَجْزِي وَالِدٌ عَن وَلَدِهِ
no father can avail aught for his son,
which means, even if he wanted to offer himself as a sacrifice for his son, it would not be accepted from him. The same will apply in the case of a son who wants to sacrifice himself for his father — it will not be accepted from him.
وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ هُوَ جَازٍ عَن وَالِدِهِ شَيْيًا
nor a son avail aught for his father.
إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ
Verily, the promise of Allah is true,
Then Allah reminds them once again with the words:
فَلَ تَغُرَّنَّكُمُ الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا
let not then this present life deceive you,
meaning, do not let your feelings of contentment with this life make you forget about the Hereafter.
وَلَا يَغُرَّنَّكُم بِاللَّهِ الْغَرُورُ
nor let the chief deceiver deceive you about Allah.
refers to the Shaytan. This was the view of Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah.
The Shaytan makes promises to them and arouses in them false desires, but there is no substance to them, as Allah says:
يَعِدُهُمْ وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمْ الشَّيْطَـنُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً
He makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires; and Shaytan’s promises are nothing but deceptions. (4:120)
Wahb bin Munabbih said:
`Uzayr, peace be upon him, said:”When I saw the misfortune of my people, I felt very sad and distressed, and I could not sleep, so I prayed to my Lord and fasted, and I called upon Him weeping. There came to me an angel and I said to him:`Tell me, will the souls of the righteous intercede for the wrongdoers, or the fathers for their sons?’
He said:`On the Day of Resurrection all matters will be settled, and Allah’s dominion will be made manifest and no exceptions will be made. No one will speak on that Day except with the permission of the Most Merciful. No father will answer for his son, or any son for his father, or any man for his brother, or any servant for his master. No one will care about anybody except himself, or feel grief or compassion for anyone except himself. Everyone will be worried only about himself. No one will be asked about anybody else. Each person will be concerned only about himself, weeping for himself and carrying his own burden. No one will carry the burden of another.”‘
This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim
31:34
اِنَّ اللّٰہَ عِنۡدَہٗ عِلۡمُ السَّاعَۃِ ۚ وَ یُنَزِّلُ الۡغَیۡثَ ۚ وَ یَعۡلَمُ مَا فِی الۡاَرۡحَامِ ؕ وَ مَا تَدۡرِیۡ نَفۡسٌ مَّاذَا تَکۡسِبُ غَدًا ؕ وَ مَا تَدۡرِیۡ نَفۡسٌۢ بِاَیِّ اَرۡضٍ تَمُوۡتُ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ عَلِیۡمٌ خَبِیۡرٌ ﴿٪۳۴﴾
Indeed, Allah [alone] has knowledge of the Hour and sends down the rain and knows what is in the wombs. And no soul perceives what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul perceives in what land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.
Allah says:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الاَْرْحَامِ
Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs. No person knows what he will earn tomorrow,
The Knower of the Unseen is Allah. These are the keys of the Unseen, whose knowledge Allah alone has kept for Himself, and no one else knows them unless Allah tells him about them. The knowledge of `when the Hour will occur’ is not known to any Prophet who was sent or any angel who is close to Allah.
لَا يُجَلِّيهَا لِوَقْتِهَأ إِلااَّ هُوَ
None can reveal its time but He. (7:187)
Similarly, no one but Allah knows when rain will fall, but when He issues the commands, the angels who are entrusted with the task of bringing rain know about it, as do those among His creation whom He wills should know.
No one but He knows what is in the wombs of what He wants to create, but when He decrees whether it is to be male or female, and whether it is to be blessed or doomed, the angels who are entrusted with that know about it, as do those among His creation whom He wills should know.
وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا
No person knows what he will earn tomorrow,
No one knows what he will earn tomorrow with regard to this world or the Hereafter.
وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ
and no person knows in what land he will die.
in his own land or elsewhere, in some other land. No one knows this.
This Ayah is like the Ayah,
وَعِندَهُ مَفَاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَأ إِلاَّ هُوَ
And with Him are the keys of the Unseen, none knows them but He. (6:59)
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ
Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.
It was reported in the Sunnah that the above five things are called the Keys of the Unseen.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Buraydah said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say:
خَمْسٌ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الاَْرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ
There are five things which no one knows except Allah:
Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour,
He sends down the rain,
and knows that which is in the wombs.
No person knows what he will earn tomorrow,
and no person knows in what land he will die.
Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.
The chain of narrators for this Hadith is Sahih, although they did not recorded it.
The Hadith of Ibn Umar
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Umar said,
“The Messenger of Allah said:
مَفَاتِيحُ الْغَيْبِ خَمْسٌ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللهُ
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الاَْرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ
The Keys of the Unseen are five, which no one knows except Allah:
Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour,
He sends down the rain,
and knows that which is in the wombs.
No person knows what he will earn tomorrow,
and no person knows in what land he will die.
Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.
This was recorded only by Al-Bukhari, which he narrated in the Book of the Rain Prayer in his Sahih.
He also recorded it in his Tafsir with a different chain of narrators, stating that Abdullah bin Umar said,
“The Prophet said:
مَفَاتِيحُ الْغَيْبِ خَمْس
The Keys of the Unseen are five.”
Then he recited:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الاَْرْحَامِ
Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs…
This too was recorded only by Al-Bukhari.
The Hadith of Abu Hurayrah
In his Tafsir of this Ayah, Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah was standing before the people one day when a man came to him and said,
`O Messenger of Allah, what is Iman?’
He said:
الاِْيمَانُ أَنْ تُوْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلَيِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلِقَايِهِ وَتُوْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ الاْخِر
Iman is to believe;
in Allah,
His Angels,
His Books,
His Messengers and
in the meeting with Him,
and to believe in the Resurrection in the Hereafter.
He said:`O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?’
He said:
الاِْسْلَمُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْيًا وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَةَ وَتُوْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَان
Islam is
to worship Allah Alone and not associate anything in worship with Him,
to establish regular prayer,
to pay the obligatory Zakah, and
to fast in Ramadan.
He said, `O Messenger of Allah, what is Ihsan?’
He said:
الاِْحْسَانُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاك
Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then He sees you.
He said, `O Messenger of Allah, when will the Hour come?’
He said:
مَا الْمَسْوُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّايِلِ وَلكِنْ سَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا
إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الاَْمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا كَانَ الْحُفَاةُ الْعُرَاةُ رُوُوسَ النَّاسِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللهُ
The one who is asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking, but I will tell you of some of its signs:
when the servant woman gives birth to her mistress, that is one of its signs;
when the barefoot and naked become leaders of the people, that is one of its signs.
The timing of the Hour is one of the five things which no one knows except Allah:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الاَْرْحَامِ
Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs….
Then the man went away, and the Prophet said,
رُدُّوهُ عَلَي
(Bring him back to me).
They went to bring him back, but they could not find him.
He said:
هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُم
That was Jibril who came to teach the people their religion.
It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari in the Book of Faith, and by Muslim with several chains of narration.
We have discussed this at the beginning of our commentary on Al-Bukhari, where we mentioned at length some Hadiths narrated by the Commander of the faithful Umar bin Al-Khattab. These were recorded only by Muslim.
وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ
and no person knows in what land he will die.
Qatadah said,
“There are some things which Allah has kept to Himself, and they are not known to any angel who is close to Him or any Prophet who was sent by Him.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ
Verily, Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour,
no one among mankind knows when the Hour will come, in which year or month, or whether it will come at night or during the day.
وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ
He sends down the rain,
and no one knows when rain will come, night or day.
وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الاَْرْحَامِ
and knows that which is in the wombs.
No one knows what is in the wombs, male or female, red or black, or what it is.
وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَداً
No person knows what he will earn tomorrow,
whether it will be good or bad. You do not know, O son of Adam, when you will die. You might die tomorrow, you might be stricken by calamity tomorrow.
وَمَا تَدْرِى نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ
and no person knows in what land he will die.
means, no person knows where his resting place will be, on the land or in the sea, on a plain or in the mountains.
It says in the Hadith:
إِذَا أَرَادَ اللهُ قَبْضَ عَبْدٍ بِأَرْضٍ جَعَلَ لَهُ إِلَيْهَا حَاجَة
If Allah wants to take a person’s soul in a particular land, He will give him a reason to go there.
In Al-Mu`jam Al-Kabir, Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Qasim At-Tabarani recorded that Usamah bin Zayd said,
“The Messenger of Allah said:
مَا جَعَلَ اللهُ مِيتَةَ عَبْدٍ بِأَرْضٍ إِلاَّ جَعَلَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَاجَة
Allah does not will that a person should die in a certain land but He gives him a reason to go there.”
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Luqman. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. Sufficient for us is Allah and He is the Best Disposer of affairs
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