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أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1142)
[ * Who turn away from the Truth :-
** Intercession with Him profits not except for :-
*Indeed, assumption avails not against the truth at all.:-
*the soul shall only benefit from the good that one earns for himself:-]
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Surah:53:An-Najim
Para:27
Ayat:- 19-42
53:19
اَفَرَءَیۡتُمُ اللّٰتَ وَ الۡعُزّٰی ﴿ۙ۱۹﴾
So have you considered al-Lat and al-‘Uzza?
Refuting Idolatry, Al-Lat and Al-`Uzza
Allah the Exalted rebukes the idolators for worshipping idols and taking rivals to Him. They built houses for their idols to resemble the Ka`bah built by Prophet Ibrahim, Allah’s Khalil.
أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ اللَّتَ
.
Have you then considered Al-Lat,
Al-Lat was a white stone with inscriptions on. There was a house built around Al-Lat in At-Ta’if with curtains, servants and a sacred courtyard around it. The people of At-Ta’if, the tribe of Thaqif and their allies, worshipped Al-Lat. They would boast to Arabs, except the Quraysh, that they had Al-Lat.
Ibn Jarir said,
“They derived Al-Lat’s name from Allah’s Name, and made it feminine. Allah is far removed from what they ascribe to Him. ”
It was reported that Al-Lat is pronounced Al-Lat because, according to Abdullah bin Abbas, Mujahid, and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Al-Lat was a man who used to mix Sawiq (a kind of barley mash) with water for the pilgrims during the time of Jahiliyyah. When he died, they remained next to his grave and worshipped him.”
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abbas said about Allah’s statement,
اللَّتَ وَالْعُزَّى
Al-Lat, and Al-`Uzza.
“Al-Lat was a man who used to mix Sawiq for the pilgrims.”
Ibn Jarir said,
“They also derived the name for their idol Al-`Uzza from Allah’s Name Al-`Aziz. Al-`Uzza was a tree on which the idolators placed a monument and curtains, in the area of Nakhlah, between Makkah and At-Ta’if. The Quraysh revered Al-`Uzza.”
During the battle of Uhud, Abu Sufyan said, “We have Al-`Uzza, but you do not have Al-`Uzza.”
Allah’s Messenger replied,
قُولُوا اللهُ مَوْلَانَا وَلَا مَوْلَى لَكُم
Say, “Allah is Our Supporter, but you have no support.”
Manat was another idol in the area of Mushallal near Qudayd, between Makkah and Al-Madinah. The tribes of Khuza`ah, Aws and Khazraj used to revere Manat during the time of Jahiliyyah. They used to announce Hajj to the Ka`bah from next to Manat.
Al-Bukhari collected a statement from A’ishah with this meaning.
There were other idols in the Arabian Peninsula that the Arabs revered just as they revered the Ka`bah, besides the three idols that Allah mentioned in His Glorious Book. Allah mentioned these three here because they were more famous than the others.
An-Nasa’i recorded that Abu At-Tufayl said,
“When the Messenger of Allah conquered Makkah, he sent Khalid bin Al-Walid to the area of Nakhlah where the idol of Al-`Uzza was erected on three trees of a forest. Khalid cut the three trees and approached the house built around it and destroyed it. When he went back to the Prophet and informed him of the story, the Prophet said to him,
ارْجِعْ فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تَصْنَعْ شَيْيًا
Go back and finish your mission, for you have not finished it.
Khalid went back and when the custodians who were also its servants of Al-`Uzza saw him, they started invoking by calling Al-`Uzza! When Khalid approached it, he found a naked woman whose hair was untidy and who was throwing sand on her head. Khalid killed her with the sword and went back to the Messenger of Allah , who said to him,
تِلْكَ الْعُزَّى
That was Al-`Uzza!”
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated,
“Al-Lat belonged to the tribe of Thaqif in the area of At-Ta’if. Banu Mu`attib were the custodians of Al-Lat and its servants.”
I say that the Prophet sent Al-Mughirah bin Shu`bah and Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb to destroy Al-Lat. They carried out the Prophet’s command and built a Masjid in its place in the city of At-Ta’if.
Muhammad bin Ishaq said that Manat used to be the idol of the Aws and Khazraj tribes and those who followed their religion in Yathrib (Al-Madinah). Manat was near the coast, close to the area of Mushallal in Qudayd. The Prophet sent Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb or `Ali bin Abi Talib to demolish it.
Ibn Ishaq said that Dhul-Khalasah was the idol of the tribes of Daws, Khath`am and Bajilah, and the Arabs who resided in the area of Tabalah.
I say that Dhul-Khalasah was called the Southern Ka`bah, and the Ka`bah in Makkah was called the Northern Ka`bah. The Messenger of Allah sent Jarir bin Abdullah Al-Bajali to Dhul-Khalasah and he destroyed it.
Ibn Ishaq said that Fals was the idol of Tay’ and the neighboring tribes in the Mount of Tay’, such as Salma and Ajja.
Ibn Hisham said that some scholars of knowledge told him that the Messenger of Allah sent Ali bin Abi Talib to Fals and he destroyed it and found two swords in its treasure, which the Prophet then gave to Ali as war spoils.
Muhammad bin Ishaq also said that the tribes of Himyar, and Yemen in general, had a house of worship in San`a’ called Riyam. He mentioned that there was a black dog in it and that the religious men who went with Tubba` removed it, killed it and demolished the building.
Ibn Ishaq said that Ruda’ was a structure of Bani Rabi`ah bin Ka`b bin Sa`d bin Zayd Manat bin Tamim, which Al-Mustawghir bin Rabi`ah bin Ka`b bin Sa`d demolished after Islam.
In Sindad there was Dhul-Ka`bat, the idol of the tribes of Bakr and Taghlib, the sons of the Wa’il, and also the Iyad tribes.
Refuting the Idolators Who appoint Rivals to Allah and claim that the Angels were Females
Allah the Exalted said,
أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ اللَّتَ اللَّتَ وَالْعُزَّى
وَمَنَاةَ الثَّالِثَةَ الاُْخْرَى
53:20
وَ مَنٰوۃَ الثَّالِثَۃَ الۡاُخۡرٰی ﴿۲۰﴾
And Manat, the third – the other one?
Have you then considered Al-Lat, and Al-`Uzza. And Manat, the other third,
53:21
اَلَکُمُ الذَّکَرُ وَ لَہُ الۡاُنۡثٰی ﴿۲۱﴾
Is the male for you and for Him the female?
then Allah said,
أَلَكُمُ الذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ الاُْنثَى
Is it for you the males and for Him the females?
Allah asked the idolators, `do you choose female offspring for Allah and give preference to yourselves with the males If you made this division between yourselves and the created, it would be,
تِلْكَ إِذًا قِسْمَةٌ ضِيزَى
53:22
تِلۡکَ اِذًا قِسۡمَۃٌ ضِیۡزٰی ﴿۲۲﴾
That, then, is an unjust division.
a division most unfair!
meaning, it would be an unfair and unjust division. `How is it then that you make this division between you and Allah, even though this would be foolish and unjust, if you made it between yourselves and others?’
Allah the Exalted refutes such innovated lies, falsehood and atheism they invented through worshipping the idols and calling them gods
53:23
اِنۡ ہِیَ اِلَّاۤ اَسۡمَآءٌ سَمَّیۡتُمُوۡہَاۤ اَنۡتُمۡ وَ اٰبَآؤُکُمۡ مَّاۤ اَنۡزَلَ اللّٰہُ بِہَا مِنۡ سُلۡطٰنٍ ؕ اِنۡ یَّتَّبِعُوۡنَ اِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَ مَا تَہۡوَی الۡاَنۡفُسُ ۚ وَ لَقَدۡ جَآءَہُمۡ مِّنۡ رَّبِّہِمُ الۡہُدٰی ﴿ؕ۲۳﴾
They are not but [mere] names you have named them – you and your forefathers – for which Allah has sent down no authority. They follow not except assumption and what [their] souls desire, and there has already come to them from their Lord guidance.
إِنْ هِيَ إِلاَّ أَسْمَاء سَمَّيْتُمُوهَا أَنتُمْ وَابَاوُكُم
They are but names which you have named — you and your fathers, (of your own desire),
مَّا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلْطَانٍ
for which Allah has sent down no authority.
meaning, proof,
إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلاَّ الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى الاَْنفُسُ
They follow but a guess and that which they themselves desire,
they have no proof, except their trust in their forefathers who took this false path in the past, as well as, their lusts and desires to become leaders, and thereby gain honor and reverence for their forefathers,
وَلَقَدْ جَاءهُم مِّن رَّبِّهِمُ الْهُدَى
whereas there has surely come to them the guidance from their Lord!
meaning, Allah has sent them Messengers with the clear truth and unequivocal evidence. However, they did not adhere to or follow the guidance that came to them through the Prophets.
Wishful Thinking does not earn One Righteousness
Allah the Exalted said,
أَمْ لِلِْنسَانِ مَا تَمَنَّى
53:24
اَمۡ لِلۡاِنۡسَانِ مَا تَمَنّٰی ﴿۫ۖ۲۴﴾
Or is there for man whatever he wishes?
Or shall man have what he wishes,
asserting that not everyone gets the goodness that he wishes,
لَّيْسَ بِأَمَـنِيِّكُمْ وَلا أَمَانِىِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ
It will not be in accordance with desires (of Muslims), nor those of the People of Scripture. (4:123)
Allah says, not everyone who claims to be guided is truly guided, and not everyone gets what he wishes for himself.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِذَا تَمَنَّى أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَنْظُرْ مَا يَتَمَنَّى فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي مَا يُكْتَبُ لَهُ مِنْ أُمْنِيَّتِه
When one of you wishes for something, let him be careful with what he wishes for, because he does not know what part of his wish will be written for him.
Only Ahmad collected this Hadith.
Allah’s statement,
فَلِلَّهِ الاْخِرَةُ وَالاُْولَى
53:25
فَلِلّٰہِ الۡاٰخِرَۃُ وَ الۡاُوۡلٰی ﴿٪۲۵﴾
Rather, to Allah belongs the Hereafter and the first [life].
But to Allah belongs the last and the first.
meaning, all matters belong to Allah and He is the King and Owner of this world and the Hereafter, Who does what He will in both lives. Whatever He wills, occurs and whatever He does not will, never occurs.
No Interecession except with Allah’s Leave
Allah said,
وَكَم مِّن مَّلَكٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ لَا تُغْنِي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْيًا
إِلاَّ مِن بَعْدِ أَن يَأْذَنَ اللَّهُ لِمَن يَشَاء وَيَرْضَى
53:26
وَ کَمۡ مِّنۡ مَّلَکٍ فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ لَا تُغۡنِیۡ شَفَاعَتُہُمۡ شَیۡئًا اِلَّا مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ اَنۡ یَّاۡذَنَ اللّٰہُ لِمَنۡ یَّشَآءُ وَ یَرۡضٰی ﴿۲۶﴾
And how many angels there are in the heavens whose intercession will not avail at all except [only] after Allah has permitted [it] to whom He wills and approves.
And there are many angels in the heavens, whose intercession will avail nothing except after Allah has given leave for whom He wills and is pleased with.
As He said;
مَن ذَا الَّذِى يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ
Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission, (2:255)
and,
وَلَا تَنفَعُ الشَّفَـعَةُ عِندَهُ إِلاَّ لِمَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ
Intercession with Him profits not except for him whom He permits. (34:23)
`If this is the case with the angels who are close to Him, how can you, O ignorant ones, hope for Allah to grant you the intercession of the idols and rivals you worship with Him without having His permission or any divine legislation permitting you to worship them’ Rather, Allah has forbidden idol worshipping by the tongues of all of His Messengers and He revealed this prohibition in all of His Books
53:27
اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ لَا یُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِالۡاٰخِرَۃِ لَیُسَمُّوۡنَ الۡمَلٰٓئِکَۃَ تَسۡمِیَۃَ الۡاُنۡثٰی ﴿۲۷﴾
Indeed, those who do not believe in the Hereafter name the angels female names,
Refuting the Claim of the Idolators that the Angels are Allah’s Daughters
Allah the Exalted admonishes the idolators,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُوْمِنُونَ بِالاْخِرَةِ لَيُسَمُّونَ الْمَلَيِكَةَ تَسْمِيَةَ الاُْنثَى
Verily, those who believe not in the Hereafter, name the angels with female names.
Allah the Exalted admonishes the idolators for calling the angels female names and claiming that they are Allah’s daughters. Allah is far removed from what they ascribe to Him.
Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
وَجَعَلُواْ الْمَلَـيِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمَـنِ إِنَـثاً أَشَهِدُواْ خَلْقَهُمْ سَتُكْتَبُ شَهَـدَتُهُمْ وَيُسْـَلُونَ
And they make females the angels, who themselves are servants of the Most Gracious. Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be recorded, and they will be questioned! (43:19)
Allah’s statement here
53:28
وَ مَا لَہُمۡ بِہٖ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍ ؕ اِنۡ یَّتَّبِعُوۡنَ اِلَّا الظَّنَّ ۚ وَ اِنَّ الظَّنَّ لَا یُغۡنِیۡ مِنَ الۡحَقِّ شَیۡئًا ﴿ۚ۲۸﴾
And they have thereof no knowledge. They follow not except assumption, and indeed, assumption avails not against the truth at all.
وَمَا لَهُم بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ
But they have no knowledge thereof.
meaning, they have no correct knowledge testifying to their statements. What they say is all lies, falsehood, fake and utter atheism,
إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلاَّ الظَّنَّ وَإِنَّ الظَّنَّ
لَاا يُغْنِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ شَيْيًا
They follow but conjecture, and verily, conjecture is no substitute for the truth.
meaning, conjecture is of no benefit and never takes the place of truth.
In a Hadith recorded in the Sahih, the Messenger of Allah said,
إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظَّنَّ فَإِنَّ الظَّنَّ أَكْذَبُ الْحَدِيث
Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is the most lying speech.
The Necessity of turning away from the People of Misguidance
Allah’s statement
53:29
فَاَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡ مَّنۡ تَوَلّٰی ۬ۙ عَنۡ ذِکۡرِنَا وَ لَمۡ یُرِدۡ اِلَّا الۡحَیٰوۃَ الدُّنۡیَا ﴿ؕ۲۹﴾
So turn away from whoever turns his back on Our message and desires not except the worldly life.
فَأَعْرِضْ عَن مَّن تَوَلَّى عَن ذِكْرِنَا
Therefore withdraw from him who turns away from Our Reminder,
means, stay away from those who turn away from the Truth and shun them,
وَلَمْ يُرِدْ إِلاَّ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا
and desires nothing but the life of this world.
meaning, whose aim and knowledge are concentrated on this life; this is the goal of those who have no goodness in them
53:30
ذٰلِکَ مَبۡلَغُہُمۡ مِّنَ الۡعِلۡمِ ؕ اِنَّ رَبَّکَ ہُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِمَنۡ ضَلَّ عَنۡ سَبِیۡلِہٖ ۙ وَ ہُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِمَنِ اہۡتَدٰی ﴿۳۰﴾
That is their sum of knowledge. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of who strays from His way, and He is most knowing of who is guided.
ذَلِكَ مَبْلَغُهُم مِّنَ الْعِلْمِ
That is what they could reach of knowledge.
meaning, seeking this life and striving hard in its affairs is the best knowledge they have acquired. There is also the reported supplication:
اللْهُمَّ لَا تَجْعَلِ الدُّنْيَا أَكْبَرَ هَمِّنَا وَلَا مَبْلَغَ عِلْمِنَا
O Allah! Make not this life the greatest of our concerns, nor the best knowledge that we can attain.
Allah’s statement,
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اهْتَدَى
Verily, your Lord is He, Who knows best him who goes astray from His path, and He knows best him who receives guidance.
meaning, He is the Creator of all creatures and He knows whatever benefits His servants. Allah is the One Who guides whom He wills and misguides whom He wills, and all of this indicates His power, knowledge and wisdom. Certainly, He is Just and never legislates or decrees unjustly
53:31
وَ لِلّٰہِ مَا فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ مَا فِی الۡاَرۡضِ ۙ لِیَجۡزِیَ الَّذِیۡنَ اَسَآءُوۡا بِمَا عَمِلُوۡا وَ یَجۡزِیَ الَّذِیۡنَ اَحۡسَنُوۡا بِالۡحُسۡنٰی ﴿ۚ۳۱﴾
And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth – that He may recompense those who do evil with [the penalty of] what they have done and recompense those who do good with the best [reward] –
Allah knows Every Matter, whether Small or Big, and He rewards Each according to His or Her Deeds
Allah says,
وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الاَْرْضِ
And to Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth,
Allah asserts that He is the King and Owner of the heavens and earth and that He is independent of the need for anyone. He is the authority over His creation and rules them with justice. He created the creation in truth,
لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسَاوُوا بِمَا عَمِلُوا وَيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا بِالْحُسْنَى
that He may requite those who do evil with that which they have done, and reward those who do good, with what is best.
He recompenses each according to his or her deeds, good for good and evil for evil.
Qualities of the Good-doers; Allah forgives the Small Faults
Allah stated that the good doers are those who avoid major sins and immoral sins. They sometimes commit minor sins, but they will be forgiven these minor sins and covered from exposure, as Allah mentioned in another Ayah;
إِن تَجْتَنِبُواْ كَبَأيِرَ مَا تُنهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّيَـتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلْكُمْ مُّدْخَلً كَرِيماً
If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden to do, We shall expiate from you your (small) sins, and admit you to a Noble Entrance. (4:31)
Allah said here
53:32
اَلَّذِیۡنَ یَجۡتَنِبُوۡنَ کَبٰٓئِرَ الۡاِثۡمِ وَ الۡفَوَاحِشَ اِلَّا اللَّمَمَ ؕ اِنَّ رَبَّکَ وَاسِعُ الۡمَغۡفِرَۃِ ؕ ہُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِکُمۡ اِذۡ اَنۡشَاَکُمۡ مِّنَ الۡاَرۡضِ وَ اِذۡ اَنۡتُمۡ اَجِنَّۃٌ فِیۡ بُطُوۡنِ اُمَّہٰتِکُمۡ ۚ فَلَا تُزَکُّوۡۤا اَنۡفُسَکُمۡ ؕ ہُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقٰی ٪﴿۳۲﴾
Those who avoid the major sins and immoralities, only [committing] slight ones. Indeed, your Lord is vast in forgiveness. He was most knowing of you when He produced you from the earth and when you were fetuses in the wombs of your mothers. So do not claim yourselves to be pure; He is most knowing of who fears Him.
الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَايِرَ الاِْثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ إِلاَّ اللَّمَمَ
Those who avoid great sins and Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) except Al-Lamam,
Al-Lamam means, small faults and minor errors.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Abbas said,
“I have not seen anything that resembles Al-Lamam better than the Hadith that Abu Hurayrah narrated from the Prophet,
إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى كَتَبَ عَلَى ابْنِ ادَمَ حَظَّهُ مِنَ الزِّنَا أَدْرَكَ ذلِكَ لَا مَحَالَةَ فَزِنَا الْعَيْنِ النَّظَرُ وَزِنَا اللِّسَانِ النُّطْقُ وَالنَّفْسُ تَتَمَنَّى وَتَشْتَهِي وَالْفَرْجُ يُصِدِّقُ ذلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُه
Verily, Allah the Exalted has decreed for the Son of Adam his share of Zina and he will certainly earn his share. The Zina of the eye is by looking, the Zina of the tongue is by talking and the heart wishes and lusts, but the sexual organ either substantiates all this or not.”
This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs.
Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn Mas`ud said,
“The eyes commit Zina by looking, the lips by kissing, the hands by transgressing, the feet by walking, and the sexual organ either materializes all of this or not. When one commits sexual intercourse, he will be someone who committed Zina. Otherwise, it is Al-Lamam.”
Masruq and Ash-Sha`bi also held the same view.
Abdur-Rahman bin Nafi`, who is also known as Ibn Lubabah At-Ta’ifi, said,
“I asked Abu Hurayrah about Allah’s statement,
إِلاَّ اللَّمَمَ
(except the Lamam), and he said,
`It pertains to kissing, winking one’s eye, looking and embracing. When the sexual organ meets the sexual organ in intercourse then Ghusl is obligatory, and that is Zina.”
Encouraging Repentance and forbidding Claims of Purity for Oneself
Allah’s statement,
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ وَاسِعُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ
verily, your Lord is of vast forgiveness.
asserts that His Mercy encompasses everything, and His forgiveness entails every type of sin, if one repents,
قُلْ يعِبَادِىَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُواْ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ لَا تَقْنَطُواْ مِن رَّحْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعاً إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ
Say:
“O My servants who have transgressed against them- selves! Despair not of the mercy of Allah:verily, Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (39:53)
Allah said,
هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِذْ أَنشَأَكُم مِّنَ الاَْرْضِ
He knows you well when He created you from the earth,
Allah says,
`He was and still is the All-Knowing Whose knowledge encompasses your affairs, statements and all of the actions that will be committed by you, even when He created your father Adam from the earth and took his offspring from his loin, as small as ants. He then divided them into two groups, a group destined for Paradise and a group to Hellfire,’
وَإِذْ أَنتُمْ أَجِنَّةٌ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ
and when you were fetuses in your mothers’ wombs.
when He commanded the angel to record one’s provisions, age, actions and if he would be among the miserable or the happy.
Allah said,
فَلَ تُزَكُّوا أَنفُسَكُمْ
So, ascribe not purity to yourselves.
forbidding one from ascribing purity and praising himself and thinking highly of his actions,
هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقَى
He knows best him who has Taqwa.
Allah said in another Ayah,
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنفُسَهُمْ بَلِ اللَّهُ يُزَكِّى مَن يَشَأءُ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلً
Have you not seen those who claim sanctity for themselves. Nay, but Allah sanctifies whom He wills, and they will not be dealt with unjustly, even equal to the extent of a Fatil. (4:49)
In his Sahih, Muslim recorded that Muhammad bin `Amr bin `Ata said,
“I called my daughter, Barrah (the pious one), and Zaynab bint Abu Salamah said to me, `The Messenger of Allah forbade using this name. I was originally called Barrah and he said,
لَاا تُزَكُّوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللهَ أَعْلَمُ بِأَهْلِ الْبِرِّ مِنْكُم
Do not ascribe purity to yourselves; Allah knows best who the pious people among you are,’
They said, `What should we call her?’
He said,
سَمُّوهَا زَيْنَب
(Call her Zaynab).”
Imam Ahmad recorded a Hadith from Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakrah, from his father who said,
“A man praised another man before the Prophet . The Messenger of Allah said,
وَيْلَكَ قَطَعْتَ عُنُقَ صَاحِبِكَ مرارًا إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُكُمْ مَادِحًا صَاحِبَهُ لَا مَحَالَةَ فَلْيَقُلْ أَحْسِبُ فُلَنًا وَاللهُ حَسِيبُهُ وَلَا أُزَكِّي عَلَى اللهِ أَحَدًا أَحْسِبُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا إِنْ كَانَ يَعْلَمُ ذلِك
Woe to you, you have cut off the neck of your friend! (He repeated this), If one of you must praise a friend of his, let him say,
“I think that so-and-so is this and that; Allah knows best about him and I will never purify anyone before Allah,”
if he knows his friend to be as he is describing him.”
Al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah collected this Hadith.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Hammam bin Al-Harith said,
“A man came before Uthman bin Affan and praised him. Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad started throwing sand in the face of that man, saying, `The Messenger of Allah ordered us to throw sand in their faces when we see those who praise.”‘
Muslim and Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith
53:33
اَفَرَءَیۡتَ الَّذِیۡ تَوَلّٰی ﴿ۙ۳۳﴾
Have you seen the one who turned away
Chastising Those Who disobey Allah and stop giving Charity
Allah the Exalted says,
أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي تَوَلَّى
Did you observe him who turned away (from Islam).
Allah the Exalted chastises those who turn away from His obedience,
فَلَ صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلَّى
وَلَـكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى
So he (the disbeliever) neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away! (75:31-32)
وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلًأ وَأَكْدَى
53:34
وَ اَعۡطٰی قَلِیۡلًا وَّ اَکۡدٰی ﴿۳۴﴾
And gave a little and [then] refrained?
And gave a little, then stopped,
Ibn Abbas said, “Gave a little, then stopped giving.”
Similar was said by Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ikrimah, Qatadah and several others.
Ikrimah and Sa`id said:
“Like the case of a people who dig a well, during the course of which they find a rock preventing them from completing their work. So they say, `We are finished’ and they abandon the work.”
Allah’s statement,
أَعِندَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَى
53:35
اَعِنۡدَہٗ عِلۡمُ الۡغَیۡبِ فَہُوَ یَرٰی ﴿۳۵﴾
Does he have knowledge of the unseen, so he sees?
Is with him the knowledge of the Unseen so that he sees?
means, does this person, who stopped giving for fear of poverty and ended his acts of charity have knowledge of the Unseen and thus knows that if he does not stop giving, his wealth will go away?
No. Such a person has stopped giving in charity for righteous causes and did not keep relations with kith and kin because of his miserliness, being stingy and out of fear of poverty.
The Prophet said in a Hadith,
أَنْفِقْ بِلَلُ وَلَا تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إِقْلَلاً
O Bilal, spend and fear not less provisions from the Owner of the Throne.
Allah the Exalted and Most honored said,
وَمَأ أَنفَقْتُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ
And whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allah’s cause), He will replace it. And He is the Best of providers. (34:39)
The Meaning of `fulfilled
Allah the Exalted said,
أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِي صُحُفِ مُوسَى
53:36
اَمۡ لَمۡ یُنَبَّاۡ بِمَا فِیۡ صُحُفِ مُوۡسٰی ﴿ۙ۳۶﴾
Or has he not been informed of what was in the scriptures of Moses
وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى
53:37
وَ اِبۡرٰہِیۡمَ الَّذِیۡ وَفّٰۤی ﴿ۙ۳۷﴾
And [of] Abraham, who fulfilled [his obligations] –
Or is he not informed with what is in the Suhuf of Musa. And of Ibrahim who fulfilled,
Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ath-Thawri said it means:
“Conveyed all that he was ordered to convey.”
Ibn `Abbas said about:
وَفَّى
(fulfilled) ,
“He delivered all that Allah ordered him to deliver.”
Sa`id bin Jubayr said about:
وَفَّى
(fulfilled), “What he was ordered.”
Qatadah said about:
وَفَّى
(fulfilled),
“He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message to His creatures.”
This is the view preferred by Ibn Jarir because it includes the statement before it and supports it.
Allah said,
وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَـتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّى جَـعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا
And (remember) when the Lord of Ibrahim tried him with (certain) commands, which he fulfilled. He said:”Verily, I am going to make you an Imam (a leader) for mankind.” (2:124)
Therefore, Ibrahim fulfilled all the commands of his Lord, stayed away from all the prohibitions, and conveyed Allah’s Message in its entirety. Therefore, he is worthy of being made a leader for mankind in all of his affairs, statements and actions.
Allah the Exalted said,
ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَأ إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
Then, We have sent the revelation to you (saying):”Follow the religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif, and he was not of the idolators.” (16:123)
None shall carry the Burden of Any Other on the Day of Resurrection
Allah the Exalted explained what He has revealed in the Scripture of Ibrahim and Musa,
أَلاَّ تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى
53:38
اَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَۃٌ وِّزۡرَ اُخۡرٰی ﴿ۙ۳۸﴾
That no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another
That no burdened person shall bear the burden of another.
Meaning, every soul shall carry its own injustices, whether disbelief or sin, and none else shall carry its burden of sin, as Allah states
وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لَا يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى
And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin. (35:18)
Allah said,
وَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلْأِنسَانِ إِلاَّ مَا سَعَى
53:39
وَ اَنۡ لَّیۡسَ لِلۡاِنۡسَانِ اِلَّا مَا سَعٰی ﴿ۙ۳۹﴾
And that there is not for man except that [good] for which he strives
And that man can have nothing but what he does.
So just as no soul shall carry the burden of any other, the soul shall only benefit from the good that one earns for himself.
As for the Hadith recorded by Muslim in the Sahih, that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِذَا مَاتَ الاِْنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ ثَلَثٍ مِنْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِه
When a person dies, his deeds will cease except in three cases:-
– from a righteous son who invokes Allah for him, or
– an ongoing charity after his death, or
– knowledge that people benefit from.
These three things are, in reality, a result of one’s own deeds, efforts and actions.
For example, a Hadith states,
إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِه
Verily, the best type of provision that one consumes is from what he himself has earned, and one’s offspring are among what he has earned.
The ongoing charity that one leaves behind, like an endowment, for example, are among the traces of his own actions and deeds.
Allah the Exalted said,
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى وَنَكْتُبُ مَاَ قَدَّمُواْ وَءَاثَارَهُمْ
Verily, We give life to the dead, and We record that which they send before (them) and their traces. (36:12)
The knowledge that one spreads among people which they are guided by is among his actions and deeds.
A Hadith collected in the Sahih states,
مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الاَْجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْيًا
Whoever invites to guidance, he will earn as much reward as those who follow him, without decreasing anything out of their own rewards.
Allah said,
وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَى
53:40
وَ اَنَّ سَعۡیَہٗ سَوۡفَ یُرٰی ﴿۪۴۰﴾
And that his effort is going to be seen –
And that his deeds will be seen.
meaning, on the Day of Resurrection,
وَقُلِ اعْمَلُواْ فَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالْمُوْمِنُونَ وَسَتُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَـلِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ فَيُنَبِّيُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
And say:”Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and the believers. And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen. Then He will inform you of what you used to do.” (9:105),
Then Allah will remind you of your actions and recompense you for them in the best manner, good for good and evil for evil.
Allah’s statement here,
ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَاء الاَْوْفَى
53:41
ثُمَّ یُجۡزٰىہُ الۡجَزَآءَ الۡاَوۡفٰی ﴿ۙ۴۱﴾
Then he will be recompensed for it with the fullest recompense
Then he will be recompensed with a full and the best recompense.
53:42
وَ اَنَّ اِلٰی رَبِّکَ الۡمُنۡتَہٰی ﴿ۙ۴۲﴾
And that to your Lord is the finality
Some Attributes of the Lord, that He returns Man as He originated Him, and some of what He does with His Servants
Allah the Exalted said,
وَأَنَّ إِلَى رَبِّكَ الْمُنتَهَى
And that to your Lord is the End.
meaning, the return of everything on the Day of Resurrection.
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Amr bin Maymun Al-Awdi said,
“Once, Mu`adh bin Jabal stood up among us and said, `O Children of Awd! I am the emissary of Allah’s Messenger to you; know that the Return is to Allah, either to Paradise or the Fire.”‘
Allah’s statement,
وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَى
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