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أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1155/Munafiq What?Why & How?:-45)
[ *Those who oppose Allah and His Messenger :-
*There is in no private conversation :-
*When you hold secret counsel, do it not for sin and wrongdoing:-]
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Surah:58:Al-Muzaadila
Para:28
Ayat:- 5-10
58:5
اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ یُحَآدُّوۡنَ اللّٰہَ وَ رَسُوۡلَہٗ کُبِتُوۡا کَمَا کُبِتَ الَّذِیۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِہِمۡ وَ قَدۡ اَنۡزَلۡنَاۤ اٰیٰتٍۭ بَیِّنٰتٍ ؕ وَ لِلۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ عَذَابٌ مُّہِیۡنٌ ۚ﴿۵﴾
Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger are abased as those before them were abased. And We have certainly sent down verses of clear evidence. And for the disbelievers is a humiliating punishment.
Explaining the Punishment of the Enemies of the Religion
Allah states that those who defy Him and His Messenger and contradict His commandments,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
Verily, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger,
Allah states that those who defy Him and His Messenger and contradict His commandments,
كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ
will be disgraced as those before them were disgraced,
meaning, they will be humiliated, cursed and disgraced, just as what happened to their like were before them,
وَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَا ايَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ
And We have sent down clear Ayat.
meaning, none contradicts or opposes them, except a disbeliever, rebellious, sinner,
وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ
And for the disbelievers is a disgraceful torment.
meaning, as just recompense for their arrogant refusal to follow, obey and submit to the religion of Allah.
Allah the Exalted said
58:6
یَوۡمَ یَبۡعَثُہُمُ اللّٰہُ جَمِیۡعًا فَیُنَبِّئُہُمۡ بِمَا عَمِلُوۡا ؕ اَحۡصٰہُ اللّٰہُ وَ نَسُوۡہُ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ شَہِیۡدٌ ٪﴿۶﴾
On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all and inform them of what they did. Allah had enumerated it, while they forgot it; and Allah is, over all things, Witness.
يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا
.
On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all together,
referring to the Day of Resurrection when He will gather the early and the latter generations in one area,
..
فَيُنَبِّيُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا
and inform them of what they did.
He will tell them all that they did in detail, whether good or evil,
أَحْصَاهُ اللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُ
Allah has kept account of it, while they have forgotten it.
meaning, Allah recorded and kept all these actions, even though they have forgotten what they did,
وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
And Allah is Witness over all things.
meaning, nothing escapes His knowledge, and no matter is hidden from Him or escapes His complete observation.
Allah’s Knowledge encompasses Creation
Then Allah the Exalted informs of His knowledge encompassing all creation, observing it, hearing their speech and seeing them, wherever they may be and in whatever condition they may be in
58:7
اَلَمۡ تَرَ اَنَّ اللّٰہَ یَعۡلَمُ مَا فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ مَا فِی الۡاَرۡضِ ؕ مَا یَکُوۡنُ مِنۡ نَّجۡوٰی ثَلٰثَۃٍ اِلَّا ہُوَ رَابِعُہُمۡ وَ لَا خَمۡسَۃٍ اِلَّا ہُوَ سَادِسُہُمۡ وَ لَاۤ اَدۡنٰی مِنۡ ذٰلِکَ وَ لَاۤ اَکۡثَرَ اِلَّا ہُوَ مَعَہُمۡ اَیۡنَ مَا کَانُوۡا ۚ ثُمَّ یُنَبِّئُہُمۡ بِمَا عَمِلُوۡا یَوۡمَ الۡقِیٰمَۃِ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ بِکُلِّ شَیۡءٍ عَلِیۡمٌ ﴿۷﴾
Have you not considered that Allah knows what is in the heavens and what is on the earth? There is in no private conversation three but that He is the fourth of them, nor are there five but that He is the sixth of them – and no less than that and no more except that He is with them [in knowledge] wherever they are. Then He will inform them of what they did, on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed Allah is, of all things, Knowing.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الاَْرْضِ
مَا يَكُونُ مِن نَّجْوَى ثَلَاثَةٍ
Have you not seen that Allah knows whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth? There is no Najwa of three,
i.e., secret consultation of three,
إِلاَّ هُوَ رَابِعُهُمْ وَلَا خَمْسَةٍ إِلاَّ هُوَ سَادِسُهُمْ
وَلَا أَدْنَى مِن ذَلِكَ وَلَا أَكْثَرَ إِلاَّ هُوَ مَعَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كَانُوا
but He is their fourth — nor of five but He is their sixth — nor of less than that or more but He is with them wheresoever they may be.
meaning, He is watching them, perfectly hearing their speech, whether uttered in public or secret. His angels record all that they say, even though He has better knowledge of it and hears them perfectly, as Allah said;
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَاهُمْ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّـمُ الْغُيُوبِ
Know they not that Allah knows their secret ideas, and their Najwa, and that Allah is the All-Knower of the unseen. (9:78),
أَمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّا لَا نَسْمَعُ سِرَّهُمْ وَنَجْوَهُم بَلَى وَرُسُلُنَا لَدَيْهِمْ يَكْتُبُونَ
Or do they think that We hear not their secrets and their private Najwa And Our messengers are by them to record. (43:80)
For this reason, several mentioned that there is a consensus among the scholars that this “with” refers to Allah’s knowledge. There is no doubt that this meaning is true, especially if we add to it the certainty that His hearing encompasses all things, as well as His sight. He, the Exalted and Most Honored, is never lacking in knowing all their affairs,
ثُمَّ يُنَبِّيُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
And afterwards on the Day of Resurrection He will inform them of what they did. Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of everything.
Imam Ahmad commented,
“Allah began the Ayah (58:7) by mentioning His knowledge and ended it by mentioning His knowledge.
58:8
اَلَمۡ تَرَ اِلَی الَّذِیۡنَ نُہُوۡا عَنِ النَّجۡوٰی ثُمَّ یَعُوۡدُوۡنَ لِمَا نُہُوۡا عَنۡہُ وَ یَتَنٰجَوۡنَ بِالۡاِثۡمِ وَ الۡعُدۡوَانِ وَ مَعۡصِیَتِ الرَّسُوۡلِ ۫ وَ اِذَا جَآءُوۡکَ حَیَّوۡکَ بِمَا لَمۡ یُحَیِّکَ بِہِ اللّٰہُ ۙ وَ یَقُوۡلُوۡنَ فِیۡۤ اَنۡفُسِہِمۡ لَوۡ لَا یُعَذِّبُنَا اللّٰہُ بِمَا نَقُوۡلُ ؕ حَسۡبُہُمۡ جَہَنَّمُ ۚ یَصۡلَوۡنَہَا ۚ فَبِئۡسَ الۡمَصِیۡرُ ﴿۸﴾
Have you not considered those who were forbidden from private conversation, then they return to that which they were forbidden and converse among themselves about sin and aggression and disobedience to the Messenger? And when they come to you, they greet you with that [word] by which Allah does not greet you and say among themselves, “Why does Allah not punish us for what we say?” Sufficient for them is Hell, which they will [enter to] burn, and wretched is the destination.
The Evil of the Jews
Ibn Abi Najih reported from Mujahid,
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوَى ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ
Have you not seen those who were forbidden to hold secret counsels, and afterwards returned to that which they had been forbidden,
He said, “The Jews.”
Similar was said by Muqatil bin Hayyan, who added,
“The Prophet had a peace treaty with the Jews. When one of the Prophet’s Companions would pass by a gathering of Jews, they would speak among themselves in secret, prompting the believer to think that they were plotting to kill or harm him. When the believer saw this, he feared for his safety and changed the route he was taking. The Prophet advised them to abandon their evil secret talks, but they did not listen and kept on holding the Najwa. Allah the Exalted sent down this Ayah in their case,
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوَى ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ
Have you not seen those who were forbidden to hold secret counsels, and afterwards returned to that which they had been forbidden.”
Allah’s statement,
وَيَتَنَاجَوْنَ بِالاِْثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ
and conspired together for sin and wrongdoing and disobedience to the Messenger.
means, they used to talk to each other,
بِالاْاِثْمِ
for sin, which involves themselves,
وَالْعُدْوَانِ
and wrongdoing, which effects others. They speak about disobedience and defying of the Messenger, with persistence and recommending each other to follow their way,
وَإِذَا جَاوُوكَ حَيَّوْكَ بِمَا لَمْ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ اللَّهُ
And when they come to you, they greet you with a greeting wherewith Allah greets you not,
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that A’ishah said,
“Some Jews came to the Prophet and greeted him by saying, `As-Sam Alayka, O Abul-Qasim.’
So I said to them, `wa `Alaykum As-Sam (the same death be upon you).’
The Prophet said,
يَا عَايِشَةُ إِنَّ اللهَ لَاا يُحِبُّ الْفُحْشَ وَلَاا التَّفَحُّش
O A’ishah, Allah does not like rudeness and foul speech.
I said, `Didn’t you hear them say, `As-Sam Alayka’
He said,
أَوَ مَا سَمِعْتِ أَقُولُ وَعَلَيْكُم
Didn’t you hear me answering them back by saying, `Wa `Alaykum (And the same upon you)’
Allah the Exalted then sent down this Ayah,
وَإِذَا جَاوُوكَ حَيَّوْكَ بِمَا لَمْ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ اللَّهُ
And when they come to you, they greet you with a greeting wherewith Allah greets you not,”
The narration collected in the Sahih states that A’ishah said,
“And be upon you the death, disgrace and curse.”
The Messenger of Allah said to her,
إِنَّهُ يُسْتَجَابُ لَنَا فِيهِمْ وَلَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ فِينَا
Allah accepts our supplication against them, but not theirs against us.
Ibn Jarir recorded that Anas bin Malik said,
“A Jew passed by Allah’s Messenger, who was sitting with his Companions, he greeted them and they greeted him back. Allah’s Messenger then said to his Companions,
هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا قَالَ
Do you know what he just said?
They said, `He said:As-Salam, O Allah’s Messenger.’
The Prophet said,
بَلْ قَالَ سَامٌ عَلَيْكُم
Rather he said, Sam `Alaykum. (meaning, `may you disgrace your religion’)
Allah’s Messenger then said,
رُدُّوه
Bring him back,
and when he was brought back, the Prophet asked him,
أَقُلْتَ سَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ
Did you say:Sam `Alaykum?
He said, `Yes.’
The Prophet then said,
إِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَقُولُوا عَلَيْك
When the people of the Book greet you, say, `Wa `Alaykum’ (meaning, `and the same on you too).
The basis for the Hadith of Anas is in the Sahih and similar to this Hadith of A’ishah is in the Sahih.
Allah said,
وَيَقُولُونَ فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ لَوْلَا يُعَذِّبُنَا اللَّهُ بِمَا نَقُولُ
and say within themselves:”Why should Allah punish us not for what we say”
means, the Jews say these words, changing the meaning of the Islamic greeting, into an abusive statement, and then say, `Had he been a Prophet, Allah would have punished us for what we said. Allah knows what we conceal. Therefore, if Muhammad were a Prophet, Allah would have sent His punishment on us sooner, in this life.’
Allah the Exalted replied,
حَسْبُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ
Hell will be sufficient for them;
Hell should be sufficient for them in the Hereafter,
يَصْلَوْنَهَا فَبِيْسَ الْمَصِيرُ
they will enter therein. And worst indeed is that destination!
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin `Amr said,
the Jews used to say, “Sam `Alayka,” to Allah’s Messenger. They would say then within themselves, “Why does Allah not punish us for what we say” This Ayah was later revealed,
وَإِذَا جَاوُوكَ حَيَّوْكَ بِمَا لَمْ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ اللَّهُ
وَيَقُولُونَ فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ لَوْلَا يُعَذِّبُنَا اللَّهُ بِمَا نَقُولُ
حَسْبُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ يَصْلَوْنَهَا فَبِيْسَ الْمَصِيرُ
And when they come to you, they greet you with a greeting wherewith Allah greets you not, and say within themselves:”Why should Allah punish us not for what we say” Hell will be sufficient for them; they will enter therein. And worst indeed is that destination!
Its chain of narration is Hasan, but they (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not collect it.
Manners of the Najwa, (Secret Counsel)
Allah the Exalted teaches His believing servants to avoid the ways of the disbelievers and hypocrites
58:9
یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِذَا تَنَاجَیۡتُمۡ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوۡا بِالۡاِثۡمِ وَ الۡعُدۡوَانِ وَ مَعۡصِیَتِ الرَّسُوۡلِ وَ تَنَاجَوۡا بِالۡبِرِّ وَ التَّقۡوٰی ؕ وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰہَ الَّذِیۡۤ اِلَیۡہِ تُحۡشَرُوۡنَ ﴿۹﴾
O you who have believed, when you converse privately, do not converse about sin and aggression and disobedience to the Messenger but converse about righteousness and piety. And fear Allah, to whom you will be gathered.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا إِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالاْاِثْمِ
وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ
O you who believe!
When you hold secret counsel, do it not for sin and wrongdoing, and disobedience to the Messenger,
meaning, do not hold evil secret counsels like the ignorant disbelieving People of the Scriptures and their allies among the hypocrites, who imitate their ways,
وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى
وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ
but do it for Al-Birr and Taqwa; and have Taqwa of Allah unto Whom you shall be gathered.
and He will then inform you of all your deeds and statements; He has counted and recorded them and will justly hold you accountable for them.
Allah the Exalted said,
إِنَّمَا النَّجْوَى مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ امَنُوا
وَلَيْسَ بِضَارِّهِمْ شَيْيًا إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُوْمِنُونَ
58:10
اِنَّمَا النَّجۡوٰی مِنَ الشَّیۡطٰنِ لِیَحۡزُنَ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَ لَیۡسَ بِضَآرِّہِمۡ شَیۡئًا اِلَّا بِاِذۡنِ اللّٰہِ ؕ وَ عَلَی اللّٰہِ فَلۡیَتَوَکَّلِ الۡمُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ ﴿۱۰﴾
Private conversation is only from Satan that he may grieve those who have believed, but he will not harm them at all except by permission of Allah . And upon Allah let the believers rely.
An-Najwa are only from the Shaytan, in order that he may cause grief to the believers. But he cannot harm them in the least, except as Allah permits. And in Allah let the believers put their trust.
Allah states that secret talks, where the believers feel anxious, are
مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ امَنُوا
(only from Shaytan, in order that he may cause grief to the believers).
meaning, that those who hold such counsels do so because of the lures of the devil,
لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ امَنُوا
(in order that he may cause grief to the believers).
The devil seeks to bother the believers, even though his plots will not harm the believers, except if Allah wills it.
Those who are the subject of evil Najwa, should seek refuge in Allah and put his trust in Him, for none of it will harm them, Allah willing. The Sunnah also forbids the Najwa so that no Muslim is bothered by it.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِذَا كُنْتُمْ ثَلَثَةً فَلَ يَتَنَاجَى اثْنَانِ دُونَ صَاحِبِهِمَا فَإِنَّ ذلِكَ يُحْزِنُه
If you were three, then two of you should not hold a secret counsel in the presence of the third person, because that would cause him to be worried.
This Hadith is collected in the Two Sahihs using a chain of narration that contained Al-A`mash.
Abdur-Razzaq narrated that Abdullah bin Umar said that Allah’s Messenger said,
إِذَا كُنْتُمْ ثَلَثَةً فَلَ يَتَنَاجَى اثْنَانِ دُونَ الثَّالِثِ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ فَإِنَّ ذلِكَ يُحْزِنُه
If you were three, then two of you should not hold a secret counsel in the presence of the third person, except with his permission, because that would cause him to be worried.
Muslim collected this Hadith
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