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أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1156/Munafiq What?Why & How?:-46)
[ * Manners for Assemblies :-
*Chastising the Hypocrites:-]
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Surah:58:Al-Muzaadila
Para:28
Ayat:- 11-22
58:11
یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِذَا قِیۡلَ لَکُمۡ تَفَسَّحُوۡا فِی الۡمَجٰلِسِ فَافۡسَحُوۡا یَفۡسَحِ اللّٰہُ لَکُمۡ ۚ وَ اِذَا قِیۡلَ انۡشُزُوۡا فَانۡشُزُوۡا یَرۡفَعِ اللّٰہُ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا مِنۡکُمۡ ۙ وَ الَّذِیۡنَ اُوۡتُوا الۡعِلۡمَ دَرَجٰتٍ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ خَبِیۡرٌ ﴿۱۱﴾
O you who have believed, when you are told, “Space yourselves” in assemblies, then make space; Allah will make space for you. And when you are told, “Arise,” then arise; Allah will raise those who have believed among you and those who were given knowledge, by degrees. And Allah is Acquainted with what you do.
Manners for Assemblies
Allah teaches His servants good manners and orders them to be kind to each other when they are sitting together,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُوا فِي الْمَجَالِسِ
O you who believe!
When you are told to make room in the assemblies,
فَافْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ
make room. Allah will give you room.
Indeed, the reward or recompense depends on the type of action.
In a Hadith, the Prophet said,
مَنْ بَنَىىِللهِ مَسْجِدًا بَنَى اللهُ لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّة
Whoever builds a Masjid for Allah, Allah builds for him a house in Paradise.
In another Hadith, the Prophet said,
وَمَنْ يَسَّرَ عَلى مُعْسِرٍ يَسَّرَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالاْخِرَةِ وَاللهُ فِي عَوْنِ الْعَبْدِ مَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ فِي عَوْنِ أَخِيه
He who relieves a difficulty for a person living in straitened circumstances, then Allah will relieve the difficulties of this life and the Hereafter for him. Surely, Allah helps the servant as long as the servant helps his brother.
There are many similar Hadiths.
This is why Allah the Exalted said,
فَافْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ
(make room. Allah will give you room).
Qatadah said,
“This Ayah was revealed about gatherings in places where Allah is being remembered. When someone would come to join in assemblies with the Messenger, they would hesitate to offer them space so that they would not loose their places. Allah the Exalted commanded them to spread out and make room for each other.”
Imam Ahmad and Imam Ash-Shafi`i recorded that Abdullah bin Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said,
لَاا يُقِمِ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ فَيَجْلِسَ فِيهِ وَلَكِنْ تَفَسَّحُوا وَتَوَسَّعُوا
One of you should not remove someone from his place and sit in it, but instead, spread out and make room.
This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said,
لَاا يُقِمِ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ فِيهِ وَلَكِنِ افْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللهُ لَكُم
A man should not remove another man from his place and then sit in it. Rather spread out and make room and Allah will make room for you.
Imam Ahmad also recorded this Hadith with the wording:
لَاا يَقُومُ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ وَلَكِنِ افْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللهُ لَكُم
A man should not leave his place for another man, but rather spread out and make room, and Allah will make room for you.
It has been reported that Ibn `Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and others said that:
إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُوا فِي الْمَجَالِسِ
فَافْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ
When you are told to make room in the assemblies, make room. Allah will give you room.
means to war assemblies,
and that,
وَإِذَا قِيلَ انشُزُوا فَانشُزُوا
And when you are told to rise up, then rise up.
means, “Get up to fight.”
Qatadah said
وَإِذَا قِيلَ انشُزُوا فَانشُزُوا
(And when you are told to rise up, then rise up). means,
“When you are called to any type of good, then respond.”
The Virtues of Knowledge and People of Knowledge
Allah’s statement,
يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ امَنُوا مِنكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
Allah will exalt in degrees those of you who believe, and those who have been granted knowledge. And Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.
means, do not think that if one of you makes room for his brother, or rises up when he is commanded to do so, that this will diminish his right or honor. Rather, this will increase his virtue and status with Allah, and Allah the Exalted will never make his good deed be lost. To the contrary, He will reward him for it in this life and the Hereafter. Surely, he who humbles himself by and before the command of his Lord, then Allah will elevate his status and make him known by his good behavior. the statement of Allah the Exalted,
يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ امَنُوا مِنكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
Allah will exalt in degree those of you who believe, and those who have been granted knowledge. And Allah is Well–Acquainted with what you do.
meaning, surely, Allah is Aware of those who deserve this reward and those who are not worthy of it.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu At-Tufayl `Amir bin Wathilah said,
Nafi` bin Abdul–Harith met Umar bin Al-Khattab in the area of Usfan. Umar appointed Abu At-Tufayl to be the governor of Makkah. Umar asked him,
“Whom did you appoint as your deputy for the valley people (that is, Makkah).”
Amir said, “I appointed Ibn Abza, one of our freed slaves, as my deputy.”
Umar said, “You made a freed slave their governor in your absence”
He said, “O Leader of the faithful! He has memorized Allah’s Book and has knowledge of regulations of inheritance, along with being a proficient judge.”
Umar said, “Surely, your Prophet has said,
إِنَّ اللهَ يَرْفَعُ بِهذَا الْكِتَابِ قَوْمًا وَيَضَعُ بِهِ اخَرِين
Verily, Allah elevates some people and degrades others, on account of this Book.”
Muslim collected this Hadith
58:12
یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِذَا نَاجَیۡتُمُ الرَّسُوۡلَ فَقَدِّمُوۡا بَیۡنَ یَدَیۡ نَجۡوٰىکُمۡ صَدَقَۃً ؕ ذٰلِکَ خَیۡرٌ لَّکُمۡ وَ اَطۡہَرُ ؕ فَاِنۡ لَّمۡ تَجِدُوۡا فَاِنَّ اللّٰہَ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِیۡمٌ ﴿۱۲﴾
O you who have believed, when you [wish to] privately consult the Messenger, present before your consultation a charity. That is better for you and purer. But if you find not [the means] – then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
The Order to give Charity before One speaks to the Prophet in private
Allah commanded His believing servants,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا إِذَا نَاجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَةً
O you who believe!
When you (want to) consult the Messenger in private, spend something in charity before your private consultation.
Allah commanded His believing servants, when any of them wanted to speak with Allah’s Messenger in secret, to give away charity beforehand so that his charity cleanses and purifies him and makes him worthy of having a private counsel with the Prophet. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ
That will be better and purer for you.
then He said,
فَإِن لَّمْ تَجِدُوا
But if you find not.
meaning, if he is unable to do so due to poverty,
فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
He only commanded those who are financially able to give this type of charity.
Allah the Exalted said
58:13
ءَاَشۡفَقۡتُمۡ اَنۡ تُقَدِّمُوۡا بَیۡنَ یَدَیۡ نَجۡوٰىکُمۡ صَدَقٰتٍ ؕ فَاِذۡ لَمۡ تَفۡعَلُوۡا وَ تَابَ اللّٰہُ عَلَیۡکُمۡ فَاَقِیۡمُوا الصَّلٰوۃَ وَ اٰتُوا الزَّکٰوۃَ وَ اَطِیۡعُوا اللّٰہَ وَ رَسُوۡلَہٗ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ خَبِیۡرٌۢ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ ﴿٪۱۳﴾
Have you feared to present before your consultation charities? Then when you do not and Allah has forgiven you, then [at least] establish prayer and give zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah is Acquainted with what you do.
أَأَشْفَقْتُمْ أَن تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَاتٍ
Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation?
meaning, are you afraid that the order to give charity before speaking privately to the Prophet remains in effect forever.
فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَإةَ وَاتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ
If then you do it not, and Allah has forgiven you, then perform Salah and give Zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.
Therefore, Allah abrogated the obligation of giving this charity.
It was said that none has implemented this command before except its abrogation, Ali bin Abi Talib.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn Abbas:
فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَةً
(spend something in charity before your private consultation).
“The Muslims kept asking Allah’s Messenger questions until it became difficult on him. Allah wanted to lighten the burden from His Prophet, upon him be peace. So when He said this, many Muslims were afraid to pay this charity and stopped asking. Afterwards, Allah sent down this Ayah,
أَأَشْفَقْتُمْ أَن تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَاتٍ فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَأةَ وَاتُوا الزَّكَاة
Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation If then you do it not, and Allah has forgiven you, then perform Salah and give Zakah,
Thus Allah made things easy and lenient for them.”
Ikrimah and Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented on Allah’s statement:
فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَةً
(spend something in charity before your private consultation).
“This was abrogated by the next Ayah:
أَأَشْفَقْتُمْ أَن تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَاتٍ
Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation….”
Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah reported from Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan,
“People kept questioning Allah’s Messenger until they made things difficult for him. Allah provided a way to stop their behavior by this Ayah. One of them would need to speak to Allah’s Prophet about a real matter, but could not do so until he gave in charity. This became hard on people and Allah sent down relief from this requirement afterwards,
فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
But if you find not, then verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful).”
Ma`mar reported from Qatadah that the Ayah,
إِذَا نَاجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَةً
(When you (want to) consult the Messenger in private, spend something in charity before your private consultation). was abrogated after being in effect for only one hour of a day.
Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Mujahid said that Ali said,
“No one except me implemented this Ayah, until it was abrogated,”
and he was reported to have said that it remained in effect for merely an hour
58:14
اَلَمۡ تَرَ اِلَی الَّذِیۡنَ تَوَلَّوۡا قَوۡمًا غَضِبَ اللّٰہُ عَلَیۡہِمۡ ؕ مَا ہُمۡ مِّنۡکُمۡ وَ لَا مِنۡہُمۡ ۙ وَ یَحۡلِفُوۡنَ عَلَی الۡکَذِبِ وَ ہُمۡ یَعۡلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۱۴﴾
Have you not considered those who make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry? They are neither of you nor of them, and they swear to untruth while they know [they are lying].
Chastising the Hypocrites
Allah chastises the hypocrites for secretly aiding and supporting the disbelievers even though, in reality, they were neither with the disbelievers nor with the Muslims. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
مُّذَبْذَبِينَ بَيْنَ ذلِكَ لَا إِلَى هَـوُلاءِ وَلَا إِلَى هَـوُلاءِ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلً
(They are) swaying between this and that, belonging neither to these nor to those; and he whom Allah sends astray, you will not find for him a way. (4:143)
Allah said here,
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِم
Have you not seen those who take as friends a people upon whom is the wrath of Allah?
referring to the Jews with whom the hypocrites were allies in secret.
Allah said,
مَّا هُم مِّنكُمْ وَلَا مِنْهُمْ
They are neither of you nor of them,
meaning, that these hypocrites are neither with the believers, nor with their allies the Jews,
وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
and they swear to a lie while they know.
meaning, the hypocrites lie when they vow, knowing that they are lying, which is called the vow of Al-Ghamus. We seek refuge with Allah from their ways.
When the hypocrites met the believers they said that they believed and when they went to the Messenger, they swore to him by Allah that they were believers. They knew that they were lying in their vow, and they knew that they did not declare their true creed. This is why Allah witnessed here that they lie in their vows and know that they are lying, even though their statement (about the Prophet being Allah’s Prophet) is true in essence.
Allah the Exalted said,
أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا إِنَّهُمْ سَاء مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
58:15
اَعَدَّ اللّٰہُ لَہُمۡ عَذَابًا شَدِیۡدًا ؕ اِنَّہُمۡ سَآءَ مَا کَانُوۡا یَعۡمَلُوۡنَ ﴿۱۵﴾
Allah has prepared for them a severe punishment. Indeed, it was evil that they were doing.
Allah has prepared for them a severe torment. Evil indeed is that which they used to do.
meaning, Allah has prepared a painful torment for the hypocrites on account of their evil deeds, their aid and support of the disbelievers and their deceit and betrayal of the believers.
The statement of Allah the Exalted
58:16
اِتَّخَذُوۡۤا اَیۡمَانَہُمۡ جُنَّۃً فَصَدُّوۡا عَنۡ سَبِیۡلِ اللّٰہِ فَلَہُمۡ عَذَابٌ مُّہِیۡنٌ ﴿۱۶﴾
They took their [false] oaths as a cover, so they averted [people] from the way of Allah, and for them is a humiliating punishment.
اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
They have made their oaths a screen. Thus they hinder (others) from the path of Allah,
meaning, the hypocrites pretended to be believers and concealed disbelief under the shield of their false oaths. Many were unaware of their true stance and were thus deceived by their oaths. Because of this, some people were hindered from the Path of Allah
فَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ
so they shall have a humiliating torment.
meaning, as recompense for belittling the significance of swearing by the Mighty Name of Allah, while lying and concealing betrayal.
Allah the Exalted said
58:17
لَنۡ تُغۡنِیَ عَنۡہُمۡ اَمۡوَالُہُمۡ وَ لَاۤ اَوۡلَادُہُمۡ مِّنَ اللّٰہِ شَیۡئًا ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ اَصۡحٰبُ النَّارِ ؕ ہُمۡ فِیۡہَا خٰلِدُوۡنَ ﴿۱۷﴾
Never will their wealth or their children avail them against Allah at all. Those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally
لَن تُغْنِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْيًا
Their children and their wealth will avail them nothing against Allah.
meaning, none of their possessions can avert the affliction when it is sent their way,
أُوْلَيِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ
They will be the dwellers of the Fire to dwell therein forever.
Allah the Exalted said
58:18
یَوۡمَ یَبۡعَثُہُمُ اللّٰہُ جَمِیۡعًا فَیَحۡلِفُوۡنَ لَہٗ کَمَا یَحۡلِفُوۡنَ لَکُمۡ وَ یَحۡسَبُوۡنَ اَنَّہُمۡ عَلٰی شَیۡءٍ ؕ اَلَاۤ اِنَّہُمۡ ہُمُ الۡکٰذِبُوۡنَ ﴿۱۸﴾
On the Day Allah will resurrect them all, and they will swear to Him as they swear to you and think that they are [standing] on something. Unquestionably, it is they who are the liars.
يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا
On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all together;
referring to the Day of Resurrection when He will gather them all together and leave none of them out,
فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ
then they will swear to Him as they swear to you. And they think that they have something.
meaning, they will swear to Allah the Exalted and Most Honored that they were following the guidance and the correct path, just as they used to swear to the believers in this worldly life. Verily, those who live following on a certain path will most likely die while on it. Thus, they will be resurrected upon their path. The hypocrites will think that their vows will help them with Allah, just as they helped with the people, who were obliged to treat them as they pretended to be, Muslim. This is why Allah said,
وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ
(And they think that they have something), meaning, on account of swearing to their Lord (that they used to be believers).
Allah rebukes this idea of theirs;
أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ
Verily, they are liars!
stressing that they are lying,
Allah then said
58:19
اِسۡتَحۡوَذَ عَلَیۡہِمُ الشَّیۡطٰنُ فَاَنۡسٰہُمۡ ذِکۡرَ اللّٰہِ ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ حِزۡبُ الشَّیۡطٰنِ ؕ اَلَاۤ اِنَّ حِزۡبَ الشَّیۡطٰنِ ہُمُ الۡخٰسِرُوۡنَ ﴿۱۹﴾
Satan has overcome them and made them forget the remembrance of Allah . Those are the party of Satan. Unquestionably, the party of Satan – they will be the losers.
اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَنسَاهُمْ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ
The Shaytan has overpowered them. So he has made them forget the remembrance of Allah.
meaning, Shaytan has taken over their hearts to the point that he made them forget Allah the Exalted and Most Honored. This is what the devil does to those whom he controls.
Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Ad-Darda’ said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
مَا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فِي قَرْيَةٍ وَلَاا بَدْوٍ لَاا تُقَامُ فِيهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ إِلاَّ قَدِ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَعَلَيْكَ بِالْجَمَاعَةِ فَإِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ الذِّيْبُ الْقَاصِيَة
Any three in a village or desert among whom the Salah is not called for, will have the Shaytan control them. Therefore, adhere to the Jama`ah, for the wolf eats from the strayed sheep.
Za’idah added that As-Sa’ib said that Jama`ah, refers to, “Praying in congregation.”
Allah the Exalted said,
أُوْلَيِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَانِ
They are the party of Shaytan.
referring to those who are controlled by the devil and, as a result, forgot the remembrance of Allah,
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَانِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ
Verily, it is the party of Shaytan that will be the losers!
58:20
اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ یُحَآدُّوۡنَ اللّٰہَ وَ رَسُوۡلَہٗۤ اُولٰٓئِکَ فِی الۡاَذَلِّیۡنَ ﴿۲۰﴾
Indeed, the ones who oppose Allah and His Messenger – those will be among the most humbled.
The Opponents of Allah and His Messenger are the Losers;
Allah warns,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُوْلَيِكَ فِي الَاذَلِّينَ
Those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, they will be among those most humiliated.
Allah and His Messenger shall prevail. Allah the Exalted asserts that the rebellious and stubborn disbelievers who defy Him and His Messenger, those who do not embrace the religion and stay away from Truth, are in one area, while the guidance is in another area,
أُوْلَيِكَ فِي الَاذَلِّين
They will be among those most humiliated.
they are among the miserable, the cast out, banished from goodness; they are the humiliated ones in this life and the Hereafter.
Allah said
58:21
کَتَبَ اللّٰہُ لَاَغۡلِبَنَّ اَنَا وَ رُسُلِیۡ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ قَوِیٌّ عَزِیۡزٌ ﴿۲۱﴾
Allah has written, “I will surely overcome, I and My messengers.” Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might.
كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَاَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَرُسُلِي
Allah has decreed:”Verily, I and My Messengers shall be the victorious.”
meaning, He has decreed, written in the First Book, and decided in the decree that He has willed — which can never be resisted, changed or prevented — that final victory is for Him, His Book, His Messengers and the faithful believers, in this life and the Hereafter:
إِنَّ الْعَـقِبَةَ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ
Surely, the (good) end is for those who have Taqwa. (11:49)
إِنَّا لَنَنصُرُ رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الاٌّشْهَـدُ
يَوْمَ لَا يَنفَعُ الظَّـلِمِينَ مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ وَلَهُمُ الْلَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ
Verily, We will indeed make victorious Our Messengers and those who believe in the life of this world and on the Day when the witnesses will stand forth, the Day when their excuses will be of no profit to the wrongdoers. Theirs will be the curse, and theirs will be the evil abode. (40:51-52)
Allah said here,
كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَاَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَرُسُلِي إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ
Allah has decreed:”Verily, I and My Messengers shall be the victorious.” Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty.
meaning, the Almighty, All-Powerful has decreed that He shall prevail over His enemies. Indeed, this is the final judgement and a matter ordained; the final triumph and victory are for the believers in this life and the Hereafter.
The Believers do not befriend the Disbelievers
Allah the Exalted said
58:22
لَا تَجِدُ قَوۡمًا یُّؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِاللّٰہِ وَ الۡیَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ یُوَآدُّوۡنَ مَنۡ حَآدَّ اللّٰہَ وَ رَسُوۡلَہٗ وَ لَوۡ کَانُوۡۤا اٰبَآءَہُمۡ اَوۡ اَبۡنَآءَہُمۡ اَوۡ اِخۡوَانَہُمۡ اَوۡ عَشِیۡرَتَہُمۡ ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ کَتَبَ فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِہِمُ الۡاِیۡمَانَ وَ اَیَّدَہُمۡ بِرُوۡحٍ مِّنۡہُ ؕ وَ یُدۡخِلُہُمۡ جَنّٰتٍ تَجۡرِیۡ مِنۡ تَحۡتِہَا الۡاَنۡہٰرُ خٰلِدِیۡنَ فِیۡہَا ؕ رَضِیَ اللّٰہُ عَنۡہُمۡ وَ رَضُوۡا عَنۡہُ ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ حِزۡبُ اللّٰہِ ؕ اَلَاۤ اِنَّ حِزۡبَ اللّٰہِ ہُمُ الۡمُفۡلِحُوۡنَ ﴿٪۲۲﴾
You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day having affection for those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred. Those – He has decreed within their hearts faith and supported them with spirit from Him. And We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally. Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him – those are the party of Allah . Unquestionably, the party of Allah – they are the successful.
لَاا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُوْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاْاخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ
مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا ابَاءهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ
You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, making friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred.
Meaning, do not befriend the deniers, even if they are among the closest relatives.
Allah said,
لااَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُوْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَأءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُوْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلَا أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً وَيُحَذِّرْكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ
Let not the believers take the disbelievers as friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from them. And Allah warns you against Himself. (3:28),
and,
قُلْ إِن كَانَ ءَابَاوُكُمْ وَأَبْنَأوُكُمْ وَإِخْوَنُكُمْ وَأَزْوَجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَلٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَـرَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَـكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَأ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُواْ حَتَّى يَأْتِىَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَـسِقِينَ
Say:If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kindred, the wealth that you have gained, the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striving hard and fighting in His cause, then wait until Allah brings about His decision (torment).
And Allah guides not the people who are the rebellious. (9:24)
Sa`id bin `Abdul-`Aziz and others said that this Ayah,
لَاا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُوْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاْاخِرِ
You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day…
was revealed in the case of Abu Ubaydah Amir bin Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah when he killed his disbelieving father, during the battle of Badr. This is why when Umar bin Al-Khattab placed the matter of Khilafah in the consultation of six men after him, he said; “If Abu Ubaydah were alive, I would have appointed him the Khalifah.”
It was also said that the Ayah,
وَلَوْ كَانُوا ابَاءهُمْ
(even though they were their fathers), was revealed in the case of Abu Ubaydah, when he killed his father during the battle of Badr,
while the Ayah,
أَوْ أَبْنَاءهُمْ
(or their sons) was revealed in the case of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he intended to kill his (disbelieving) son, Abdur-Rahman, (during Badr),
while the Ayah,
أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ
(or their brothers) was revealed about the case of Mus`ab bin `Umayr, who killed his brother, Ubayd bin Umayr, during Badr,
and that the Ayah,
أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ
(or their kindred) was revealed about the case of Umar, who killed one of his relatives during Badr, and also that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Hamzah, Ali and Ubaydah bin Al-Harith. They killed their close relatives Utbah, Shaybah and Al-Walid bin Utbah that day.
Allah knows best.
A similar matter is when Allah’s Messenger consulted with his Companions about what should be done with the captives of Badr.
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq thought that they should accept ransom for them so the Muslims could use the money to strengthen themselves. He mentioned the fact that the captured were the cousins and the kindred, and that they might embrace Islam later on, by Allah’s help.
Umar said,
“But I have a different opinion, O Allah’s Messenger! Let me kill so-and-so, my relative, and let Ali kill Aqil (Ali’s brother), and so-and-so kill so-and-so. Let us make it known to Allah that we have no mercy in our hearts for the idolators.”
Allah said,
أُوْلَيِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الاِْيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ
For such He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself.
means, those who have the quality of not befriending those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they are their fathers or brothers, are those whom Allah has decreed faith, meaning, happiness, in their hearts and made faith dear to their hearts and happiness reside therein.
As-Suddi said that the Ayah,
كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الاِْيمَانَ
(He has written faith in their hearts), means,
“He has placed faith in their hearts.”
Ibn Abbas said that,
وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ
(and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself), means,
“He gave them strengths.”
Allah’s statement,
وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الاَْنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ
And He will admit them to Gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein. Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.
was explained several times before.
Allah’s statement,
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ
Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.
contains a beautiful secret. When the believers became enraged against their relatives and kindred in Allah’s cause, He compensated them by being pleased with them and making them pleased with Him from what He has granted them of eternal delight, ultimate victory and encompassing favor.
Allah’s statement,
أُوْلَيِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
They are the party of Allah. Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful.
indicates that they are the party of Allah, meaning, His servants who are worthy of earning His honor.
Allah’s statement,
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
(Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful), asserts their success, happiness and triumph in this life and the Hereafter, in contrast to those, who are the party of the devil,
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَانِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ
(Verily, the party of Shaytan will be the losers!)
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Mujadilah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah
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