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أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1132/O You Who Believe -71,72 & 73)
[ *Do not put [yourselves] before Allah and His Messenger:-
Do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet :-
Investigating the Reliability of the News conveyed by Wicked People :-]
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Surah: 49-Al-Huzrat Para:26
Ayat:- 1-8
49:1
یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لَا تُقَدِّمُوۡا بَیۡنَ یَدَیِ اللّٰہِ وَ رَسُوۡلِہٖ وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰہَ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ سَمِیۡعٌ عَلِیۡمٌ ﴿۱﴾
O you who have believed, do not put [yourselves] before Allah and His Messenger but fear Allah . Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
The Prohibition of making a Decision in advance of Allah and His Messenger; ordering Respect towards the Prophet
In these Ayat, Allah the Exalted teaches His faithful servants the good manners they should observe with the Messenger, which are respect, honor and esteem. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا لَاا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ
O you who believe! Make not (a decision) in advance before Allah and His Messenger,
meaning, do not rush in making decisions before him, rather, follow his lead in all matters.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, commented;
لَاا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ
(Make not (a decision) in advance before Allah and His Messenger),
“Do not say anything that contradicts the Qur’an and Sunnah.”
Qatadah commented,
“We were told that some people used to say, `Revelation should be sent down about such and such matters,’ and, `such and such practices should be rendered allowed.’ Allah the Exalted disliked this attitude.”
Allah said,
وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ
and have Taqwa of Allah.
meaning, `in what He has ordered you;’
إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ
Verily, Allah is Hearing, (your statements),
عَلِيمٌ
Knowing. (your intentions).
Allah said
49:2
یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لَا تَرۡفَعُوۡۤا اَصۡوَاتَکُمۡ فَوۡقَ صَوۡتِ النَّبِیِّ وَ لَا تَجۡہَرُوۡا لَہٗ بِالۡقَوۡلِ کَجَہۡرِ بَعۡضِکُمۡ لِبَعۡضٍ اَنۡ تَحۡبَطَ اَعۡمَالُکُمۡ وَ اَنۡتُمۡ لَا تَشۡعُرُوۡنَ ﴿۲﴾
O you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your deeds become worthless while you perceive not.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا لَاا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ
O you who believe!
Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet,
This contains another kind of favorable behavior. Allah the Exalted is teaching the believers that they should not raise their voices above the voice of the Prophet.
It was stated that this Ayah was revealed about Abu Bakr and Umar.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abi Mulaykah said,
“The two righteous ones, Abu Bakr and Umar, almost earned destruction when they raised their voices before the Prophet who was receiving the delegation of Bani Tamim. One of them recommended Al-Aqra bin Habis the member of the Banu Mujashi` while the other recommended another man. Nafi` (a sub narrator) said:”I don’t remember his name.” Abu Bakr said to Umar,
`You only wanted to contradict me,’ while Umar said, `I did not intend to contradict you.’ Their voices then became loud, thereupon Allah the Exalted sent down this Ayah,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا لَاا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ
وَلَا تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ
أَن تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ
O you who believe!
Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another, lest your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not.”
Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said,
“After that, Umar’s voice was so low that the Messenger of Allah had to ask him to repeat what he said so that he could understand what he was saying to him.”
Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr did not mention the same regarding his father, Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.
Muslim did not collect this Hadith.
In another narration collected by Al-Bukhari,
he said that a delegation from the tribe of Banu Tamim came to the Prophet and that Abu Bakr recommended Al-Qa`qa bin Ma`bad to be appointed as their leader, while Umar recommended Al-Aqra bin Habis.
Muslim did not collect this narration.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas bin Malik said,
“The Prophet missed Thabit bin Qays and a man said, `O Allah’s Messenger! I will find out about his news.’
That man went to Thabit and found him sitting at home with his head lowered and asked him, `What is the matter?’
Thabit said, `An evil matter!’
And he said that he used to raise his voice above the voice of the Prophet. He feared that his good deeds would be useless and he would be among the people of the Fire.
The man went back to the Prophet and conveyed Thabit’s statement and returned to Thabit with a wonderfully good news. The Prophet said,
اذْهَبْ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَلَكِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة
Go back to him and tell him this news; you are not among the people of the Fire. Rather, you are among the dwellers of Paradise.”
Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith with this wording.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas bin Malik said,
“When this Ayah was revealed,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا لَاا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ
وَلَا تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ
أَن تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ
Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another, lest your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not.”
Thabit bin Qays bin Ash-Shammas, whose voice was loud, said,
`I was the one who raised his voice above the voice of Allah’s Messenger. I am among the dwellers of the Fire. My good deeds have been done in vain.’
He remained in his house feeling distressed, and the Messenger of Allah noticed his absence. So some men went to Thabit and said to him,
`The Prophet noticed your absence. What is the matter with you?’
Thabit said, `I used to raise my voice above the voice of the Prophet and speak loudly in front of him. My deeds have been rendered useless and I am among the people of the Fire.’
They went to the Prophet and told him what Thabit said and the Prophet said,
لَاا بَلْ هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة
Nay, he is among the dwellers of Paradise.”
Anas commented,
“We used to see Thabit walk among us knowing that he was (to be) among the dwellers of Paradise. During the battle of Yamamah, our forces suffered retreat. Suddenly, Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas came, having put on his Hanut and shrouds, and said, `The worst habit is the one you acquire from your enemy and do not set a bad example for your companions.’ And he went on fighting until he was martyred, may Allah be pleased with him.”
Allah then prohibited speaking to the Prophet in a loud voice, just as one speaks loudly to another in a way that offends him. Instead, they were required to speak to him in terms of respect, honor and calmness. This is why Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
وَلَا تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ
nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another,
just as He said in another Ayah,
لااَّ تَجْعَلُواْ دُعَأءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَأءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضاً
Make not the calling of the Messenger among you as your calling one of another. (24:63)
Allah’s statement,
أَن تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ
lest your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not.
means, `We ordered you to refrain from raising your voices to the Prophet, so that he will not get angry with you, because in doing so, you will also anger Allah.’
The good deeds of he who caused the Prophet’s anger will become useless without him even knowing.
In the Sahih, there is a Hadith that states,
إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ رِضْوَانِ اللهِ تَعَالَى لَا يُلْقِي لَهَا بَالاً يُكْتَبُ لَهُ بِهَا الْجَنَّةُ
وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ سَخَطِ اللهِ تَعَالَى لَاإ يُلْقِي لَهَا بَالاًإ يَهْوِي بِهَا فِي النَّارِ أَبْعَدَ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالاْإَرْض
Verily, a man might utter a word that pleases Allah the Exalted, even though he does not recognize the significance of his word, and on its account Paradise is written for him.
Verily, a man might utter a word carelessly that angers Allah the Exalted, and on its account, he is cast in the Fire farther than the distance between the heavens and earth.
Allah then ordains lowering one’s voice before the Messenger and encourages, directs and recommends this better behavior
49:3
اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ یَغُضُّوۡنَ اَصۡوَاتَہُمۡ عِنۡدَ رَسُوۡلِ اللّٰہِ اُولٰٓئِکَ الَّذِیۡنَ امۡتَحَنَ اللّٰہُ قُلُوۡبَہُمۡ لِلتَّقۡوٰی ؕ لَہُمۡ مَّغۡفِرَۃٌ وَّ اَجۡرٌ عَظِیۡمٌ ﴿۳﴾
Indeed, those who lower their voices before the Messenger of Allah – they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for righteousness. For them is forgiveness and great reward.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصْوَاتَهُمْ عِندَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُوْلَيِكَ الَّذِينَ امْتَحَنَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ لِلتَّقْوَى
..
Verily, those who lower their voices in the presence of Allah’s Messenger, they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for Taqwa.
whose hearts have been purified by Allah and made as a residence and dwelling for the Taqwa,
لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
For them is forgiveness and a great reward.
Imam Ahmad recorded in the Book of Az-Zuhd that Mujahid said,
“Someone wrote to Umar,
`O Leader of the faithful!
Who is better, a man who does not feel the desire to commit a sin and does not commit it, or
a man who feels desire to commit a sin, but does not commit it’
Umar replied,
`He who feels desire to commit a sin, but does not commit it,
أُوْلَيِكَ الَّذِينَ امْتَحَنَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ لِلتَّقْوَى
لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for Taqwa. For them is forgiveness and a great reward.”
49:4
اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ یُنَادُوۡنَکَ مِنۡ وَّرَآءِ الۡحُجُرٰتِ اَکۡثَرُہُمۡ لَا یَعۡقِلُوۡنَ ﴿۴﴾
Indeed, those who call you, [O Muhammad], from behind the chambers – most of them do not use reason.
Admonishing Those Who call the Prophet from behind Dwellings
Allah says,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُنَادُونَكَ مِن وَرَاء الْحُجُرَاتِ
Verily, those who call you from behind the dwellings,
Allah the Exalted and Most Blessed admonished those, such as the uncivilized Bedouins, who used to call to the Prophet from behind the dwellings which belong to his wives,
أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ
most of them have no sense.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored then ordains the better behavior in this regard
49:5
وَ لَوۡ اَنَّہُمۡ صَبَرُوۡا حَتّٰی تَخۡرُجَ اِلَیۡہِمۡ لَکَانَ خَیۡرًا لَّہُمۡ ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِیۡمٌ ﴿۵﴾
And if they had been patient until you [could] come out to them, it would have been better for them. But Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ صَبَرُوا حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ إِلَيْهِمْ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ
And if they had patience till you could come out to them, it would have been better for them.
it would have earned them the better benefit of this life and the Hereafter.
Allah, Worthy of all praise, then encourages them to turn to Him in repentance.
وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.
It was reported that this Ayah was revealed about Al-Aqra bin Habis At-Tamimi, may Allah be pleased with him, according to more than one source.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Aqra bin Habis said that
he called the Messenger of Allah from behind his dwellings, saying,
“O Muhammad! O Muhammad!” “O Allah’s Messenger!”
but the Messenger did not answer him,
according to another narration, Al-Aqra` said,
“O Allah’s Messenger
49:6
یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِنۡ جَآءَکُمۡ فَاسِقٌۢ بِنَبَاٍ فَتَبَیَّنُوۡۤا اَنۡ تُصِیۡبُوۡا قَوۡمًۢا بِجَہَالَۃٍ فَتُصۡبِحُوۡا عَلٰی مَا فَعَلۡتُمۡ نٰدِمِیۡنَ ﴿۶﴾
O you who have believed, if there comes to you a disobedient one with information, investigate, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and become, over what you have done, regretful.
Investigating the Reliability of the News conveyed by Wicked People
Allah the Exalted says,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا إِن جَاءكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَأٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا
أَن تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ
O ye who believe!
if a wicked person comes to you with any news, ascertain the truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and afterwards become full of repentance for what ye have done.
Allah the Exalted ordered investigating the news that sinners and the wicked bring, to make sure of its authenticity. Otherwise, if the sinner’s word is taken for granted and a decision is based on it, regardless of whether the information is true or not, the authorities will be taking the lead of the sinners. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored forbade taking the path of the corrupted and sinners. This is why groups of the scholars of Hadith refuse to accept narrations from narrators whose reliability is unknown, for they might be from among the wicked people, in reality.
The Prophet’s Decision is Better
Allah said
49:7
وَ اعۡلَمُوۡۤا اَنَّ فِیۡکُمۡ رَسُوۡلَ اللّٰہِ ؕ لَوۡ یُطِیۡعُکُمۡ فِیۡ کَثِیۡرٍ مِّنَ الۡاَمۡرِ لَعَنِتُّمۡ وَ لٰکِنَّ اللّٰہَ حَبَّبَ اِلَیۡکُمُ الۡاِیۡمَانَ وَ زَیَّنَہٗ فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِکُمۡ وَ کَرَّہَ اِلَیۡکُمُ الۡکُفۡرَ وَ الۡفُسُوۡقَ وَ الۡعِصۡیَانَ ؕ اُولٰٓئِکَ ہُمُ الرّٰشِدُوۡنَ ۙ﴿۷﴾
And know that among you is the Messenger of Allah . If he were to obey you in much of the matter, you would be in difficulty, but Allah has endeared to you the faith and has made it pleasing in your hearts and has made hateful to you disbelief, defiance and disobedience. Those are the [rightly] guided.
وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ فِيكُمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
And know that among you there is the Messenger of Allah.
`know that among you is the Messenger of Allah. Therefore, honor and respect him, be polite with him and obey his orders. For he is more knowledgeable about what benefits you and is more concerned with you than you yourselves are. His opinions in such matters are more complete than your own.’
Allah the Exalted and Most Blessed said in another Ayah,
النَّبِىُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُوْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ
The Prophet is closer to the believers than themselves, (33:6).
Then He clarifies that they fall short in overseeing their own benefit;
لَوْ يُطِيعُكُمْ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِّنَ الاَْمْرِ لَعَنِتُّمْ
If he were to obey you in much of the matter, you would surely be in trouble.
`if he obeys all of your opinions and desires, you will earn trouble and hardship.’
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
وَلَوِ اتَّبَعَ الْحَقُّ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ لَفَسَدَتِ السَّمَـوَتُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ بَلْ أَتَيْنَـهُمْ بِذِكْرِهِمْ فَهُمْ عَن ذِكْرِهِمْ مُّعْرِضُونَ
And if the truth had been in accordance with their desires, verily, the heavens and the earth, and whosoever is therein would have been corrupted!
Nay, We have brought them their reminder, but they turn away from their reminder. (23:71)
Allah’s statement,
وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَّبَ إِلَيْكُمُ الاِْيمَانَ وَزَيَّنَهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ
But Allah has endeared the faith to you and has beautified it in your hearts,
`made faith dear to your souls and beautified it in your hearts.’
Allah said,
وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ
and has made disbelief, Fusuq and `Isyan hateful to you.
`He has made disbelief, sins, whether major or minor, and `Isyan — all types of sins, hateful to you.’
This statement transfers us from one level to a better level, to perfect Allah’s bounty.
Allah’s statement next,
أُوْلَيِكَ هُمُ الرَّاشِدُونَ
Such are they who are the rightly guided.
those who have these qualities are the rightly guided ones whom Allah has granted guidance and correctness.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Rifa`ah Az-Zuraqi said that his father said,
“During the battle of Uhud, when the idolators retreated, the Messenger of Allah said,
اسْتَوُوا حَتْى أُثْنِيَ عَلَى رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَل
Stay in straight lines so that I praise my Lord, the Exalted and Most Honored.
They stood behind him in lines and he said,
اللْهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كُلُّهُ
اللْهُمَّ لَا قَابِضَ لِمَا بَسَطْتَ وَلَا بَاسِطَ لِمَا قَبَضْتَ وَلَا هَادِيَ لِمَنْ أَضْلَلْتَ وَلَا مُضِلَّ لِمَنْ هَدَيْتَ وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ وَلَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ وَلَا مُقَرِّبَ لِمَا بَاعَدْتَ وَلَا مُبَاعِدَ لِمَا قَرَّبْتَ
اللْهُمَّ ابْسُطْ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ بَرَكَاتِكَ وَرَحْمَتِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ وَرِزْقِكَ
اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ النَّعِيمَ الْمُقِيمَ الَّذِي لَا يَحُولُ وَلَا يَزُولُ
اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ النَّعِيمَ يَوْمَ الْعَيْلَةِ وَالاَْمْنَ يَوْمَ الْخَوْفِ
اللْهُمَّ إِنِّي عَايِذٌ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَعْطَيْتَنَا وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا مَنَعْتَنَا
اللْهُمَّ حَبِّبْ إِلَيْنَا الاْيمَانَ وَزَيِّنْهُ فِي قُلُوبِنَا وَكَرِّهْ إِلَيْنَا الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ وَاجْعَلْنَا مِنَ الرَّاشِدِينَ
اللْهُمَّ تَوَفَّنَا مُسْلِمِينَ وَأَحْيِنَا مُسْلِمِينَ وَأَلْحِقْنَا بِالصَّالِحِينَ غَيْرَ خَزَايَا وَلَا مَفْتُونِينَ
اللْهُمَّ قَاتِلِ الْكَفَرَةَ الَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ رُسُلَكَ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِكَ وَاجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ رِجْزَكَ وَعَذَابَكَ
اللْهُمَّ قَاتِلِ الْكَفَرَةَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلهَ الْحَق
O Allah! Your is the praise.
O Allah! There is none who can withhold what You send, or send what You withhold, or guide whom You send astray, or misguide whomever You guide, or give what You deprive, or deprive whom You give, or draw closer whom You cast or cast whom You draw closer.
O Allah! Bestow on us from Your blessings, mercy, grace and provisions.
O Allah! I ask You for the eternal delight that never ends or fades away.
O Allah! I ask You for provisions on the Day of deprivation and safety on the Day of fear.
O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the evil repercussions of what You have given us and from the evil of what You have deprived us of.
O Allah! Make faith dear to us and beatify it in our hearts and make disbelief, Fusuq and `Isyan hateful to us, and make us among the rightly guided.
O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones, without tasting humiliation or turmoil.
O Allah! Fight the disbelievers who deny Your Messengers and hinder others from Your path; send on them Your torment and punishment.
O Allah! Fight the disbelievers who were given the Scriptures, the True God.”
An-Nasa’i collected this Hadith in `Amal Al-Yawm wal-Laylah.
Allah said
49:8
فَضۡلًا مِّنَ اللّٰہِ وَ نِعۡمَۃً ؕ وَ اللّٰہُ عَلِیۡمٌ حَکِیۡمٌ ﴿۸﴾
[It is] as bounty from Allah and favor. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.
فَضْلً مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةً
(This is) a grace from Allah and His favor.
meaning, this favor that He has bestowed on you is a favor and a bounty from Him to you,
وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
All-Knower in those who deserve guidance and those who deserve misguidance, All-Wise in His statements, actions, legislation and the destiny He appoints
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