أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1051/ Warning to Munafiqn,Book:-33)
[The Command to follow the Messenger (Sallallahu alahi wasallim):-]
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Sura:33:Al-Ahzaab
Para:21
Ayat: – 9
33:21
لَقَدۡ کَانَ لَکُمۡ فِیۡ رَسُوۡلِ اللّٰہِ اُسۡوَۃٌ حَسَنَۃٌ لِّمَنۡ کَانَ یَرۡجُوا اللّٰہَ وَ الۡیَوۡمَ الۡاٰخِرَ وَ ذَکَرَ اللّٰہَ کَثِیۡرًا ﴿ؕ۲۱﴾
There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often.
The Command to follow the Messenger
This Ayah is an important principle, to follow the Messenger of Allah in all his words, and deeds, etc. Hence Allah commanded the people to take the Prophet as an example on the day of Al-Ahzab, with regard to patience, guarding, striving and waiting for Allah to provide the way out; may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him forever, until the Day of Judgement.
Allah says to those who were anxious and impatient and were shaken by feelings of panic on the day of Al-Ahzab:
لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ
Indeed in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example to follow,
meaning, `why do you not take him as an example and follow his lead’
Allah says:
لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الاْخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا
for him who hopes in Allah and the Last Day, and remembers Allah much.
The Attitude of the Believers towards the Confederates
Then Allah tells us about His believing servants who believed Allah’s promise to them and how He will make the consequences good for them in this world and in the Hereafter.
He says
33:22
وَ لَمَّا رَاَ الۡمُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ الۡاَحۡزَابَ ۙ قَالُوۡا ہٰذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا اللّٰہُ وَ رَسُوۡلُہٗ وَ صَدَقَ اللّٰہُ وَ رَسُوۡلُہٗ ۫ وَ مَا زَادَہُمۡ اِلَّاۤ اِیۡمَانًا وَّ تَسۡلِیۡمًا ﴿ؕ۲۲﴾
And when the believers saw the companies, they said, “This is what Allah and His Messenger had promised us, and Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth.” And it increased them only in faith and acceptance.
وَلَمَّا رَأَى الْمُوْمِنُونَ الاَْحْزَابَ قَالُوا هَذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَصَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
And when the believers saw the Confederates, they said:”This is what Allah and His Messenger had promised us; and Allah and His Messenger had spoken the truth.”
Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and Qatadah said:
“They mean what Allah said in Surah Al-Baqarah:
أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُواْ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُم مَّثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْاْ مِن قَبْلِكُم مَّسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَأءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ وَزُلْزِلُواْ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللَّهِ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ
Or think you that you will enter Paradise without such (trials) as came to those who passed away before you!
They were afflicted with severe poverty and ailments and were so shaken that even the Messenger and those who believed along with him said, “When (will come) the help of Allah!”
Yes! Certainly, the help of Allah is near! (2:214)
meaning, `this is the trial and test that Allah and His Messenger promised us would be followed by the help and victory of Allah that is near.’
Allah says:
وَصَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
(and Allah and His Messenger had spoken the truth).
وَمَا زَادَهُمْ إِلاَّ إِيمَانًا وَتَسْلِيمًا
And it only added to their faith and to their submissiveness.
This indicates that faith can increase and strengthen in accordance with people’s circumstances, as the majority of scholars stated:faith can increase and decrease.
We have stated this at the beginning of our commentary on Al-Bukhari, praise be to Allah.
وَمَا زَادَهُمْ
(And it only added) means, at that time of stress and difficulty.
إِلاَّ إِيمَانًا
(to their faith) in Allah,
وَتَسْلِيمًا
(and to their submissiveness). means their submission to His commands and their obedience to His Messenger
33:23
مِنَ الۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوۡا مَا عَاہَدُوا اللّٰہَ عَلَیۡہِ ۚ فَمِنۡہُمۡ مَّنۡ قَضٰی نَحۡبَہٗ وَ مِنۡہُمۡ مَّنۡ یَّنۡتَظِرُ ۫ۖ وَ مَا بَدَّلُوۡا تَبۡدِیۡلًا ﴿ۙ۲۳﴾
Among the believers are men true to what they promised Allah . Among them is he who has fulfilled his vow [to the death], and among them is he who awaits [his chance]. And they did not alter [the terms of their commitment] by any alteration –
Praise for the Believers’ Attitude, and leaving the ultimate Fate of the Hypocrites to Allah
Allah says;
مِنَ الْمُوْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ
Among the believers are men,
When Allah mentions how the hypocrites broke their promise to Him that they would not turn their backs, He describes the believers as firmly adhering to their covenant and their promise:
صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ فَمِنْهُم مَّن قَضَى نَحْبَهُ
who (they) have been true to their covenant with Allah; of them some have fulfilled their Nahbah;
Some of them said:
“Met their appointed time (i.e., death).”
Al-Bukhari said,
“Their covenant, and refers back to the beginning of the Ayah.”
وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَنتَظِرُ وَمَا بَدَّلُوا تَبْدِيلً
and some of them are still waiting, but they have never changed in the least.
means, they have never changed or broken their covenant with Allah.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Zayd bin Thabit said:
“When we wrote down the Mushaf, an Ayah from Surah Al-Ahzab was missing, which I used to hear the Messenger of Allah reciting. I did not find it with anyone except Khuzaymah bin Thabit Al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him, whose testimony the Messenger of Allah counted as equal to that of two other men. The Ayah in question was:
مِنَ الْمُوْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ
صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ
(Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah;)”
This was recorded by Al-Bukhari but not by Muslim,
It was also recorded by Ahmad in his Musnad, and by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa’i in the chapters on Tafsir in their Sunans.
At-Tirmidhi said, “Hasan Sahih.
Al-Bukhari also recorded that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“We think that this Ayah was revealed concerning Anas bin An-Nadr, may Allah be pleased with him:
مِنَ الْمُوْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ
صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ
(Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah).”
This was reported only by Al-Bukhari, but there are corroborating reports with other chains of narration.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said:
“My paternal uncle Anas bin Al-Nadr, may Allah be pleased with him, after whom I was named, was not present with this Messenger of Allah at Badr, and this distressed him. He said:
`The first battle at which the Messenger of Allah was present, and I was absent; if Allah shows me another battle with the Messenger of Allah, Allah will see what I will do!’
He did not want to say more than that. He was present with the Messenger of Allah at Uhud, where he met Sa`d bin Mu`adh, may Allah be pleased with him.
Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said to him, `O Abu `Amr! Where are you going?’
He replied, `I long for the fragrance of Paradise and I have found it near the mountain of Uhud.’
He fought them until he was killed, may Allah be pleased with him. Eighty-odd stab wounds and spear wounds were found on his body, and his sister, my paternal aunt Ar-Rabayyi` bint Al-Nadr said, `I only recognized my brother by his fingertips.’
Then this Ayah was revealed:
مِنَ الْمُوْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ فَمِنْهُم مَّن قَضَى نَحْبَهُ وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَنتَظِرُ وَمَا بَدَّلُوا تَبْدِيلً
Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah; of them some have fulfilled their Nahbah; and some of them are still waiting, but they have never changed in the least.
They used to think that it had been revealed concerning him and his companions, may Allah be pleased with them.”
This was also recorded by Muslim, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa’i.
Ibn Jarir narrated that Musa bin Talhah said:
“Mu`awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, may Allah be pleased with him, stood up and said, `I heard the Messenger of Allah say:
طَلْحَةُ مِمَّنْ قَضَى نَحْبَه
Talhah is one of those who have fulfilled their Nahbah.”‘
Mujahid said concerning the Ayah:
فَمِنْهُم مَّن قَضَى نَحْبَهُ
(of them some have fulfilled their Nahbah),
“Their covenant,
وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَنتَظِرُ
(and some of them are still waiting),
they are waiting for battle so that they can do well. ”
Al-Hasan said:
فَمِنْهُم مَّن قَضَى نَحْبَهُ
(of them some have fulfilled their Nahbah),
“They died true to their covenant and loyal, and some are still waiting to die in a similar manner, and some of them have never changed in the least.”
This was also the view of Qatadah and Ibn Zayd.
Some of them said that the word Nahbah means a vow.
وَمَا بَدَّلُوا تَبْدِيلً
(but they have never changed in the least).
means, they never changed their covenant or were disloyal or committed treachery, but they persisted in what they had promised and did not break their vow, unlike the hypocrites who said:
إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ وَمَا هِىَ بِعَوْرَةٍ إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلاَّ فِرَارا
“Truly, our homes lie open.” And they lay not open. They but wished to flee. (33:13)
وَلَقَدْ كَانُواْ عَـهَدُواْ اللَّهَ مِن قَبْلُ لَا يُوَلُّونَ الاٌّدْبَـرَ
And indeed they had already made a covenant with Allah not to turn their backs, (33:15)
33:24
لِّیَجۡزِیَ اللّٰہُ الصّٰدِقِیۡنَ بِصِدۡقِہِمۡ وَ یُعَذِّبَ الۡمُنٰفِقِیۡنَ اِنۡ شَآءَ اَوۡ یَتُوۡبَ عَلَیۡہِمۡ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ کَانَ غَفُوۡرًا رَّحِیۡمًا ﴿ۚ۲۴﴾
That Allah may reward the truthful for their truth and punish the hypocrites if He wills or accept their repentance. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
لِيَجْزِيَ اللَّهُ الصَّادِقِينَ بِصِدْقِهِمْ وَيُعَذِّبَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِن شَاء أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ
That Allah may reward the men of truth for their truth, and punish the hypocrites, if He wills, or accept their repentance by turning to them.
Allah tests His servants with fear and shaking so as to tell the evil from the good, as each will be known by his deeds. Although Allah knows what the outcome will be before anything happens, still He does not punish anyone on the basis of His knowledge until they actually do what He knows they will do.
As Allah says:
وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ مِنكُمْ وَالصَّـبِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَ أَخْبَـرَكُمْ
And surely, We shall try you till We test those who strive hard and patient, and We shall test your facts. (47:31)
This refers to knowing something after it happens, even though Allah knows it before it comes to pass.
Allah says:
مَّا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَذَرَ الْمُوْمِنِينَ عَلَى مَأ أَنتُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَمِيزَ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُطْلِعَكُمْ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ
Allah will not leave the believers in the state in which you are now, until He distinguishes the wicked from the good. Nor will Allah disclose to you the secrets of the Unseen. (3:179)
Allah says here:
لِيَجْزِيَ اللَّهُ الصَّادِقِينَ بِصِدْقِهِمْ
That Allah may reward the men of truth for their truth,
meaning, for their patience in adhering to the covenant they had made with Allah and keeping their promise.
وَيُعَذِّبَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ
(and punish the hypocrites), who are the ones who broke the covenant and went against the commands of Allah, for which they deserve to be punished, but they are subject to His will in this world. If He wills, He will leave them as they are until they meet Him (in the Hereafter), when He will punish them, or if He wills, He will guide them to give up their hypocrisy and to believe and do righteous deeds after they had been wrongdoers and sinners. Since His mercy and kindness towards His creation prevail over His wrath,
He says:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful
33:25
وَ رَدَّ اللّٰہُ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا بِغَیۡظِہِمۡ لَمۡ یَنَالُوۡا خَیۡرًا ؕ وَ کَفَی اللّٰہُ الۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ الۡقِتَالَ ؕ وَ کَانَ اللّٰہُ قَوِیًّا عَزِیۡزًا ﴿ۚ۲۵﴾
And Allah repelled those who disbelieved, in their rage, not having obtained any good. And sufficient was Allah for the believers in battle, and ever is Allah Powerful and Exalted in Might.
Allah drove back the Confederates disappointed and lost
Allah said:
وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِغَيْظِهِمْ لَمْ يَنَالُوا خَيْرًا
And Allah drove back those who disbelieved in their rage:they gained no advantage.
Allah tells us how he drove the Confederates away from Al-Madinah by sending against them a wind and troops of angels. If Allah had not made his Messenger a Mercy to the Worlds, this wind would have been more severe than the barren wind which He sent against `Ad, but Allah says:
وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَأَنتَ فِيهِمْ
And Allah would not punish them while you are amongst them. (8:33)
So, Allah sent them a wind which dispersed them after they had gathered on the basis of their whims. They were a mixture of tribes and parties with a variety of opinions, so it was befitting that a wind should be sent against them that would scatter them and break up their gathering, driving them back disappointed and lost in their hatred and enmity. They did not achieve any worldly good such as the victory and booty that they had hoped for, nor did they achieve any good in the Hereafter, because of their sin of declaring enmity against the Messenger and seeking to kill him and destroy his army. Whoever wants and seriously intends to do a thing is the same as one who actually does it.
وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُوْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ
Allah sufficed for the believers in the fighting.
means, they did not have to fight them in order to expel them from their land, but Allah Alone sufficed them and helped His servant and granted victory to His troops.
Hence the Messenger of Allah used to say,
لَاا إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ صَدَقَ وَعْدَهُ وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ وَأَعَزَّ جُنْدَهُ وَهَزَمَ الاْاَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ فَلَا شَيْءَ بَعْدَه
None has the right to be worshipped but Allah, Alone, He was true to His promise, and He helped His servant, and He gave might to His soldiers and defeated the Confederates alone and there is nothing after Him.
This was reported from a Hadith of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him.
In the Two Sahihs it was recorded that Abdullah bin Abi `Awfa, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“The Messenger of Allah invoked Allah against the Confederates and said:
اللَّهُمَّ مُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابِ سَرِيعَ الْحِسَابِ اهْزِمِ الاَْحْزَابَ اللَّهُمَّ اهْزِمْهُمْ وَزَلْزِلْهُم
O Allah, Who revealed the Book and is swift in bringing to account, defeat the Confederates, O Allah defeat them and shake them.
وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُوْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ
(Allah sufficed for the believers in the fighting). This Ayah indicates that there would be a cessation of war between them and Quraysh; after this, the idolators did not attack the Muslims, on the contrary, the Muslims attacked them in their own land.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Sulayman bin Surad, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“On the day of Al-Ahzab, the Messenger of Allah said:
الاْنَ نَغْزُوهُمْ وَلَا يَغْزُونَا
Now we will attack them and they will not attack us.
This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih.
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا
And Allah is Ever All-Strong, All-Mighty.
means, by His power and might He drove them back disappointed and lost, and they did not achieve anything, and Allah granted victory to Islam and its followers, and fulfilled His promise and helped His servant and Messenger; to Him be blessings and praise.
33:26
وَ اَنۡزَلَ الَّذِیۡنَ ظَاہَرُوۡہُمۡ مِّنۡ اَہۡلِ الۡکِتٰبِ مِنۡ صَیَاصِیۡہِمۡ وَ قَذَفَ فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِہِمُ الرُّعۡبَ فَرِیۡقًا تَقۡتُلُوۡنَ وَ تَاۡسِرُوۡنَ فَرِیۡقًا ﴿ۚ۲۶﴾
And He brought down those who supported them among the People of the Scripture from their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts [so that] a party you killed, and you took captive a party.
The Campaign against Banu Qurayzah
We have already noted that when the Confederates came and camped outside Al-Madinah, Banu Qurayzah broke the covenant that existed between them and the Messenger of Allah.
This happened by the agency of Huyay bin Akhtab An-Nadari, may Allah curse him, who entered their stronghold and would not leave their leader, Ka`b bin Asad, alone until he agreed to break the covenant. Among the things that he said to him was,
“Woe to you! This is the opportunity for glory. The Quraysh and their company of men from various tribes, and the Ghatafan and their followers, have come to you, and they will stay here until they eliminate Muhammad and his companions.”
Ka`b said to him, “No, by Allah, this is the opportunity for humiliation. Woe to you, O Huyay, you are a bad omen. Leave us alone.”
But Huyay kept trying to persuade him until he agreed to his request. He laid down the condition that if the Confederates went away without doing anything, he (Huyay) would join them in their stronghold and would share their fate.
When Banu Qurayzah broke their covenant and news of this reached the Messenger of Allah, he and the Muslims were very distressed by that.
When Allah helped him by suppressing his enemy and driving them back disappointed and lost, having gained nothing, the Messenger of Allah returned to Al-Madinah in triumph and the people put down their weapons. While the Messenger of Allah was washing off the dust of battle in the house of Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her, Jibril, upon him be peace, came to him wearing a turban of brocade, riding on a mule on which was a cloth of silk brocade.
He said, “Have you put down your weapons, O Messenger of Allah!”
He said, “Yes.”
He said, “But the angels have not put down their weapons. I have just now come back from pursuing the people.”
Then he said:”Allah, may He be blessed and exalted, commands you to get up and go to Banu Qurayzah.”
According to another report,
“What a fighter you are! Have you put down your weapons!”
He said, “Yes.”
He said, “But we have not put down our weapons yet, get up and go to these people.”
He said:”Where?”
He said, “Banu Qurayzah, for Allah has commanded me to shake them.”
So the Messenger of Allah got up immediately, and commanded the people to march towards Banu Qurayzah, who were a few miles from Al-Madinah. This was after Salat Az-Zuhr.
He said,
لَاا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمُ الْعَصْرَ إِلاَّاِفي بَنِي قُرَيْظَة
No one among you should pray `Asr except at Banu Qurayzah.
So, the people set out, and the time for the prayer came while they were still on the road. Some of them prayed on the road, saying,
“The Messenger of Allah only wanted to make us march quickly.”
Others said, “We will not pray it until we reach Banu Qurayzah.”
Neither of the two groups were rebuked for what they did.
The Messenger of Allah followed them. He left Ibn Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleased with him, in charge of Al-Madinah, and he had given the flag to Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him. Then the Messenger of Allah went to them (Banu Qurayzah) laying siege to them for twenty-five days.
When this had gone on for too long, they agreed to accept the judgement of Sa`d bin Mu`adh, the leader of `Aws because they had been their allies during the Jahiliyyah, so they thought that he would treat them kindly as Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul had done for his allies of Banu Qaynuqa,` when he had asked the Messenger of Allah to set them free. So, these people thought that Sa`d would do the same for them as Ibn Ubayy had done for those people.
They did not know that Sa`d had been struck by an arrow in his medial arm vein during the campaign of Al-Khandaq. The Messenger of Allah had had his vein cauterized and had brought him to stay in a tent in the Masjid so that he could keep a close eye on him. One of the things that Sa`d, may Allah be pleased with him, said in his supplication was,
“O Allah, if there is still anything that has to do with the war against Quraysh, then keep me alive for it, and if You decree that the war between us and them is over, then let the bleeding be renewed, but do not let me die until I get my satisfaction with regard to Banu Qurayzah.”
Allah answered his prayer and decreed that they would agree to be referred to him for judgement, and this was their own free choice. When this happened, the Messenger of Allah called him to come from Al-Madinah to pass judgement on them.
When he arrived, riding on a donkey that had been specially equipped for him to ride, some of the `Aws began to urge him not to be too harsh, saying,
“O Sa`d, they are your clients so be kind to them, trying to soften his heart.”
But he kept quiet and did not answer them. When they persisted in their request, he said,
“Now it is time for Sa`d to make sure that no rebuke or censure will divert him from the path of Allah.”
Then they knew that he would not let them live.
When he reached the tent where the Messenger of Allah was, the Messenger of Allah said:
قُومُوا إِلَى سَيِّدِكُم
(Stand up for your leader).
So the Muslims stood up for him, and welcomed him with honor and respect as befitted his status and so that his judgement would have more impact. When he sat down, the Messenger of Allah said:
إِنَّ هَوُلَاءِ وَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ قَدْ نَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِكَ فَاحْكُمْ فِيهِمْ بِمَا شِيْت
These people — (and he pointed to them) — (have agreed to accept your judgement, so pass judgement on them as you wish.
Sa`d, may Allah be pleased with him, said:”My judgement will be carried out”
The Messenger of Allah said:”Yes.”
He said, “And it will be carried out on those who are in this tent.”
He said, “Yes.”
He said, “And on those who are on this side.” — and he pointed towards the side where the Messenger of Allah was, but he did not look directly at the Messenger of Allah out of respect for him.
The Messenger of Allah said to him:”Yes.”
So Sa`d, may Allah be pleased with him, said:”My judgement is that their fighters should be killed and their children and wealth should be seized.”
The Messenger of Allah said:
لَقَدْ حَكَمْتَ بِحُكْمِ اللهِ تَعَالَى مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعِ أَرْقَعَة
You have judged according to the ruling of Allah from above the seven heavens.
According to another report:
لَقَدْ حَكَمْتَ بِحُكْمِ الْمَلِك
You have judged according to the ruling of the Sovereign.
Then the Messenger of Allah commanded that ditches should be dug, so they were dug in the earth, and they were brought tied by their shoulders, and were beheaded. There were between seven hundred and eight hundred of them. The children who had not yet reached adolescence and the women were taken prisoner, and their wealth was seized.
All of this is stated both briefly and in detail, with evidence and Hadiths, in the book of Sirah which we have written, praise and blessings be to Allah.
Allah says;
وَأَنزَلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُم
And those who backed them, Allah brought them down,
means, those who helped and supported them in their war against the Messenger of Allah.
مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ
of the People of the Scripture,
means, Banu Qurayzah, who were Jews from one of the tribes of Israel. Their forefathers had settled in the Hijaz long ago, seeking to follow the Unlettered Prophet of whom they read in the Tawrah and Injil.
فَلَمَّا جَأءَهُم مَّا عَرَفُواْ كَفَرُواْ بِهِ
then when there came to them that which they had recognized, they disbelieved in it. (2:89)
May the curse of Allah be upon them.
مِن صَيَاصِيهِمْ
from their forts,
means, from their strongholds.
This was the view of Mujahid, Ikrimah, Ata’, Qatadah, As-Suddi and others of the Salaf.
وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ
and cast terror into their hearts;
means fear, because they had supported the idolators in their war against the Messenger of Allah and the one who knows is not like the one who does not know. They had terrified the Muslims and intended to kill them so as to gain earthly power, but their plans backfired; the idolators ran away and the believers were victorious while the disbelievers were losers; where they had aimed for glory, they were humiliated. They wanted to eradicate the Muslims but they were themselves eradicated. In addition to all this, they are doomed in the Hereafter, so by all accounts they are counted as losers.
Allah says:
فَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ وَتَأْسِرُونَ فَرِيقًا
a group you killed, and a group you made captives.
Those who were killed were their warriors, and the prisoners were their children and women.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Atiyah Al-Qurazi said,
“I was shown to the Prophet on the day of Qurayzah, because they were not sure about me. The Prophet told them to look at me to see whether I had grown any body hair yet. They looked and saw that I had not grown any body hair, so they let me go and I was put with the other prisoners.”
This was also recorded by the Sunan compilers, and At-Tirmidhi said it is Hasan Sahih.”
An-Nasa’i also recorded something similar from Atiyah.
And Allah says
33:27
وَ اَوۡرَثَکُمۡ اَرۡضَہُمۡ وَ دِیَارَہُمۡ وَ اَمۡوَالَہُمۡ وَ اَرۡضًا لَّمۡ تَطَـُٔوۡہَا ؕ وَ کَانَ اللّٰہُ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ قَدِیۡرًا ﴿٪۲۷﴾
And He caused you to inherit their land and their homes and their properties and a land which you have not trodden. And ever is Allah, over all things, competent.
وَأَوْرَثَكُمْ أَرْضَهُمْ وَدِيَارَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ
And He caused you to inherit their lands, and their houses, and their riches,
means, `He gave these things to you after you killed them.’
وَأَرْضًا لَّمْ تَطَوُوهَا
and a land which you had not trodden.
It was said that this was Khyber, or that it was the lands of the Persians and Romans.
Ibn Jarir said,
“It could be that all of these are referred to
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرًا
And Allah is able to do all things.
33:28
یٰۤاَیُّہَا النَّبِیُّ قُلۡ لِّاَزۡوَاجِکَ اِنۡ کُنۡـتُنَّ تُرِدۡنَ الۡحَیٰوۃَ الدُّنۡیَا وَ زِیۡنَتَہَا فَتَعَالَیۡنَ اُمَتِّعۡکُنَّ وَ اُسَرِّحۡکُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِیۡلًا ﴿۲۸﴾
O Prophet, say to your wives, “If you should desire the worldly life and its adornment, then come, I will provide for you and give you a gracious release.
Giving the Wives of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم the Choice
Here Allah commands His Messenger to give his wives the choice of separating from him so that they may go to someone else with whom they can find what they want of the life of this world and its attractions, or of patiently bearing the straitened circumstances with the Prophet for which they will have a great reward with Allah.
They chose Allah and His Messenger and the Home of the Hereafter, may Allah be pleased with them. Then Allah gave them the best both of this world and of the Hereafter.
Al-Bukhari narrated from A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, the wife of the Prophet that the Messenger of Allah came to her when Allah commanded him to give his wives the choice. She said,
“The Messenger of Allah started with me, and said,
إِنِّي ذَاكِرٌ لَكِ أَمْرًا فَلَ عَلَيْكِ أَنْ تَسْتَعْجِلِي حَتْى تَسْتَأْمِرِي أَبَوَيْك
I am going to tell you about something and you do not have to hasten to respond until you consult your parents.”
He knew that my parents would never tell me to leave him.
Then he said:
إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ
(Allah says) and he recited the two Ayat:
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُل لاَِّزْوَاجِكَ إِن كُنتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا
وَإِن كُنتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الاْإخِرَةَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
33:29
وَ اِنۡ کُنۡـتُنَّ تُرِدۡنَ اللّٰہَ وَ رَسُوۡلَہٗ وَ الدَّارَ الۡاٰخِرَۃَ فَاِنَّ اللّٰہَ اَعَدَّ لِلۡمُحۡسِنٰتِ مِنۡکُنَّ اَجۡرًا عَظِیۡمًا ﴿۲۹﴾
But if you should desire Allah and His Messenger and the home of the Hereafter – then indeed, Allah has prepared for the doers of good among you a great reward.”
O Prophet! Say to your wives:”If you desire the life of this world, and its glitter, then come! I will make a provision for you and set you free in a handsome manner.’
“But if you desire Allah and His Messenger, and the Home of the Hereafter, then verily, Allah has prepared for the doers of good among you an enormous reward.”
I said to him,
“Concerning what do I need to consult my parents I choose Allah and His Messenger and the Home of the Hereafter.”
He also narrated it without a chain of narrators, and added,
“She said, then all the wives of the Prophet did the same as I.”
Imam Ahmad recorded that A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said:
“The Messenger of Allah gave us the choice, and we chose him, so giving us that choice was not regarded as divorce.”
It was recorded by (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) from the Hadith of Al-A`mash.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, came to ask permission to see the Messenger of Allah and the people were sitting at his door, and the Prophet was sitting, but he did not give him permission.
Then Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, came and asked permission to see him, but he did not give him permission.
Then he gave Abu Bakr and Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, permission, and they entered. The Prophet was sitting with his wives around him, and he was silent.
Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `I will tell the Prophet something to make him smile.’
Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, `O Messenger of Allah, if only you had seen the daughter of Zayd — the wife of Umar — asking me to spend on her just now; I broke her neck!’
The Messenger of Allah smiled so broadly that his molars could be seen, and he said,
هُنَّ حَوْلِي يَسْأَلْنَنِي النَّفَقَة
(They are around me asking me to spend on them).
Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, got up to deal with A’ishah; and Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, got up to deal with Hafsah, and both of them were saying, `You are asking the Prophet for that which he does not have!’
But the Messenger of Allah stopped them, and they (his wives) said, `By Allah, after this we will not ask the Messenger of Allah for anything that he does not have.’
Then Allah revealed the Ayah telling him to give them the choice, and he started with A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her.
He said,
إِنِّي أَذْكُرُ لَكِ أَمْرًا مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَعْجَلِي فِيهِ حَتَّى تَسْتَأْمِرِي أَبَوَيْك
I am going to tell you something, and I would like you not to hasten to respond until you consult your parents.
She said, `What is it.’
He recited to her:
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُل لاَِّزْوَاجِكَ
(O Prophet! Say to your wives)…
A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, `Do I need to consult my parents concerning you I choose Allah and His Messenger, but I ask you not to tell of my choice to your other wives.’
He said:
إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَبْعَثْنِي مُعَنِّفًا وَلَكِنْ بَعَثَنِي مُعَلِّمًا مُيَسِّرًا لَا تَسْأَلُنِي امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ عَمَّا اخْتَرْتِ إِلاَّ أَخْبَرْتُهَا
Allah did not send me to be harsh, but He sent me to teach in a gentle and easy manner. If any of them asks me what your decision was, I will tell her.”
This was also recorded by Muslim, but not Al-Bukhari; An-Nasa’i also recorded it.
Ikrimah said:”At that time he was married to nine women, five of them were from Quraysh —
A’ishah,
Hafsah.
Umm Habibah,
Sawdah and
Umm Salamah, (may Allah be pleased with them).
And he was also married to
Safiyyah bint Huyay An-Nadariyyah,
Maymunah bint Al-Harith Al-Hilaliyyah,
Zaynab bint Jahsh Al-Asadiyyah and
Juwayriyyah bint Al-Harith Al-Mustalaqiyyah, (may Allah be pleased with all of them).
33:30
یٰنِسَآءَ النَّبِیِّ مَنۡ یَّاۡتِ مِنۡکُنَّ بِفَاحِشَۃٍ مُّبَیِّنَۃٍ یُّضٰعَفۡ لَہَا الۡعَذَابُ ضِعۡفَیۡنِ ؕ وَ کَانَ ذٰلِکَ عَلَی اللّٰہِ یَسِیۡرًا ﴿۳۰﴾
O wives of the Prophet, whoever of you should commit a clear immorality – for her the punishment would be doubled two fold, and ever is that, for Allah, easy.
The Wives of the Prophet are not like Other Women
Allah says;
يَا نِسَاء النَّبِيِّ مَن يَأْتِ مِنكُنَّ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ يُضَاعَفْ لَهَا الْعَذَابُ ضِعْفَيْنِ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا
O wives of the Prophet! Whoever of you commits an open Fahishah, the torment for her will be doubled, and that is ever easy for Allah.
This Ayah is addressed to the wives of the Prophet who chose Allah and His Messenger and the Home of the Hereafter, and remained married to the Messenger of Allah. Thus it was befitting that there should be rulings which applied only to them, and not to other women, in the event that any of them should commit open Fahishah.
Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“This means Nushuz (rebellion) and a bad attitude.”
Whatever the case, this is a conditional phrase and it does not imply that what is referred to would actually happen. This is like the Ayat:
وَلَقَدْ أُوْحِىَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكَ لَيِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ
And indeed it has been revealed to you, as it was to those before you:”If you join others in worship with Allah, surely your deeds will be in vain.” (39:65)
وَلَوْ أَشْرَكُواْ لَحَبِطَ عَنْهُمْ مَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ
But if they had joined in worship others with Allah, all that they used to do would have been of no benefit to them. (6:88)
قُلْ إِن كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَـنِ وَلَدٌ فَأَنَاْ أَوَّلُ الْعَـبِدِينَ
Say:”If the Most Gracious had a son, then I am the first of (Allah’s) worshippers.” (43:81)
لَّوْ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَداً لاَّصْطَفَى مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَأءُ سُبْحَـنَهُ هُوَ اللَّهُ الْوَحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ
Had Allah willed to take a son, He could have chosen whom He willed out of those whom He created. But glory be to Him! He is Allah, the One, the Irresistible. (39:4)
Because their status is so high, it is appropriate to state that the sin, if they were to commit it, would be so much worse, so as to protect them and their Hijab.
Allah says:
مَن يَأْتِ مِنكُنَّ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ يُضَاعَفْ لَهَا الْعَذَابُ ضِعْفَيْنِ
Whoever of you commits an open Fahishah, the torment for her will be doubled,
Malik narrated from Zayd bin Aslam:
يُضَاعَفْ لَهَا الْعَذَابُ ضِعْفَيْنِ
(the torment for her will be doubled),
“In this world and the next.”
Something similar was narrated from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid.
وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا
and that is ever easy for Allah.
it is very easy indeed.
Then Allah mentions His justice and His bounty, in the Ayah
33:31
وَ مَنۡ یَّقۡنُتۡ مِنۡکُنَّ لِلّٰہِ وَ رَسُوۡلِہٖ وَ تَعۡمَلۡ صَالِحًا نُّؤۡتِہَاۤ اَجۡرَہَا مَرَّتَیۡنِ ۙ وَ اَعۡتَدۡنَا لَہَا رِزۡقًا کَرِیۡمًا ﴿۳۱﴾
And whoever of you devoutly obeys Allah and His Messenger and does righteousness – We will give her her reward twice; and We have prepared for her a noble provision.
وَمَن يَقْنُتْ مِنكُنَّ لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ
And whosoever of you is obedient to Allah and His Messenger,
i.e., obeys Allah and His Messenger,
وَتَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا
and does righteous good deeds,
نُّوْتِهَا أَجْرَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهَا رِزْقًا كَرِيمًا
We shall give her, her reward twice over, and We have prepared for her a noble provision.
i.e., in Paradise, for they will be in the dwellings of the Messenger of Allah in the highest reaches of `Illiyin, above the dwellings of all the people, in Al-Wasilah which is the closest of the dwellings of Paradise to the Throne
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