أعوذ باللّٰه من الشيطان الرجيم
بِسْمِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(Book#1124)
[Verily, those who say:”Our Lord is (only) Allah,” and thereafter stand firm:-
Allah’s Advice about the Parents :-
Mention of the Undutiful Children and Their End :-]
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Sura:46:Al-Ahqaf
Para:26
Ayat: –13-20
46:13
اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ قَالُوۡا رَبُّنَا اللّٰہُ ثُمَّ اسۡتَقَامُوۡا فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَیۡہِمۡ وَ لَا ہُمۡ یَحۡزَنُوۡنَ ﴿ۚ۱۳﴾
Indeed, those who have said, “Our Lord is Allah,” and then remained on a right course – there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَامُوا
Verily, those who say:”Our Lord is (only) Allah,” and thereafter stand firm,
The explanation of this has been discussed earlier in Surah As-Sajdah. (41:30)
Allah then says,
فَلَ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ
on them shall be no fear,
meaning, concerning their future.
وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ
nor shall they grieve.
meaning, over what they have left behind.
Allah continues,
أُوْلَيِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا جَزَاء بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
46:14
اُولٰٓئِکَ اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ خٰلِدِیۡنَ فِیۡہَا ۚ جَزَآءًۢ بِمَا کَانُوۡا یَعۡمَلُوۡنَ ﴿۱۴﴾
Those are the companions of Paradise, abiding eternally therein as reward for what they used to do.
Such shall be the dwellers of Paradise, abiding therein (forever) — a reward for what they used to do.
meaning, the deeds are a cause for their attaining the mercy and their being engulfed by it — and Allah knows best
46:15
وَ وَصَّیۡنَا الۡاِنۡسَانَ بِوَالِدَیۡہِ اِحۡسٰنًا ؕ حَمَلَتۡہُ اُمُّہٗ کُرۡہًا وَّ وَضَعَتۡہُ کُرۡہًا ؕ وَ حَمۡلُہٗ وَ فِصٰلُہٗ ثَلٰثُوۡنَ شَہۡرًا ؕ حَتّٰۤی اِذَا بَلَغَ اَشُدَّہٗ وَ بَلَغَ اَرۡبَعِیۡنَ سَنَۃً ۙ قَالَ رَبِّ اَوۡزِعۡنِیۡۤ اَنۡ اَشۡکُرَ نِعۡمَتَکَ الَّتِیۡۤ اَنۡعَمۡتَ عَلَیَّ وَ عَلٰی وَالِدَیَّ وَ اَنۡ اَعۡمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرۡضٰہُ وَ اَصۡلِحۡ لِیۡ فِیۡ ذُرِّیَّتِیۡ ۚؕ اِنِّیۡ تُبۡتُ اِلَیۡکَ وَ اِنِّیۡ مِنَ الۡمُسۡلِمِیۡنَ ﴿۱۵﴾
And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship, and his gestation and weaning [period] is thirty months. [He grows] until, when he reaches maturity and reaches [the age of] forty years, he says, “My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to work righteousness of which You will approve and make righteous for me my offspring. Indeed, I have repented to You, and indeed, I am of the Muslims.”
Allah’s Advice about the Parents
After mentioning that one must confess His Oneness, worship Him with sincerity, and remain upright in obeying Him, Allah follows that by giving instructions regarding the parents. These appear together in many places of the Qur’an, such as Allah’s saying,
وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ إِيَّـهُ وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً
Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you be dutiful to your parents. (17:23)
Allah says,
أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِى وَلِوَلِدَيْكَ إِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ
Be grateful to Me and to your parents. Unto Me is the final destination. (31:14)
There are many other Ayat like this as well.
Here Allah says,
وَوَصَّيْنَا الاِْنسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا
And We have enjoined on man to be dutiful and kind to his parents.
meaning, `We have commanded him to treat them well and show compassion towards them.’
Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded from Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with him, that his mother said to him:
“Hasn’t Allah commanded that you obey your parents Then I will not eat any food or drink any drink until you disbelieve in Allah.”
Thus she stubbornly abstained from eating and drinking, until they had to open her mouth with a stick. Then this Ayah was revealed,
وَوَصَّيْنَا الاِْنسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا
(And We have enjoined on man to be dutiful and kind to his parents).
This was also recorded by Muslim and the Sunan compilers, except for Ibn Majah.
Allah continues,
حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهًا
His mother bears him with hardship.
which means that the mother suffers hardship because of her child, such as fatigue, sickness, vomiting, heaviness, distress, and other forms of hardship that the pregnant women suffer.
وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا
And she delivers him with hardship.
meaning, she also delivers him with hardship, suffering the pains of labor and their severity.
وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَثُونَ شَهْرًا
And (the period of) his gestation and weaning is thirty months,
Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, used this Ayah along with the following two Ayat to prove that the minimum period of pregnancy (gestation) is six months:
وَفِصَالُهُ فِى عَامَيْنِ
And his weaning is in two years. (31:14)
and
وَالْوَلِدَتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَـدَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ
The mothers suckle their children two complete years — for those who desire to complete the term of suckling. (2:233)
This is a strong and valid conclusion, and it was approved by Uthman and a number of the Companions.
Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar narrated from Ba`jah bin Abdullah Al-Juhani that;
a man from his tribe (Juhaynah) married a woman from Juhaynah. She delivered a baby after six months. So her husband went to Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, and told him about that. Thus, Uthman summoned her. When she was getting dressed, her sister started crying. She asked her:
“Why do you cry? By Allah, no one has ever approached me (for sexual relations) of Allah’s creation except him (my husband). So let Allah decree (for me) as He wills.”
When she was brought before Uthman, he commanded that she be stoned to death (for adultery).
Ali heard of this, came to Uthman, and said:”What are you doing?”
He (Uthman) said:”She delivered after six months! Can this ever happen?” `
Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said:”Don’t you read the Qur’an?”
He said:”Yes, of course!”
He (Ali) then said:
`Haven’t you heard Allah’s saying,
وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَثُونَ شَهْرًا
(and his gestation and weaning is thirty months), and;
حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْن
(two complete years) (2:233) (Subtracting the two numbers) we are only left with six months.”
Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, said:”By Allah, I did not see that! Bring the woman back.”
But they found that she had already been killed.
Ba`jah continued:
“By Allah, no two crows and no two eggs are more similar than that child turned out to be to his father!
When his father saw that he said, `By Allah! This is my son without any doubt.’
Later on, Allah afflicted him with a skin abscess in his face (because of his false accusation to his wife). It kept eating him up until he died.”
Ibn Abi Hatim related from his father that Farwah bin Abi Al-Maghra’ told them that Ali bin Mushir narrated to them from Dawud bin Abi Hind, who narrated from Ikrimah that Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
“When a woman delivers after nine months, the baby will only need twenty-one months of suckling. When she delivers after seven months, the baby will need twenty-three months of suckling. When she delivers after six months, the baby will need two full years of suckling, because Allah says,
وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَثُونَ شَهْرًا حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ
(and his gestation and weaning is thirty months, till when he attains full strength).”
حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ
till when he attains full strength,
meaning, he becomes strong, youthful, and attains full ability.
وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً
and reaches forty years,
meaning, his complete intellect, understanding, and patience reach the level of maturity.
It has also been said that usually one will not change his ways once he reaches the age of forty.
قَال
رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي
he says:”My Lord! Grant me the power and ability,
meaning, `inspire me.’
أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَى وَالِدَيَّ
وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ
that I may be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents, and that I may do righteous good deeds, such as please You,
meaning, in the future.
وَأَصْلِحْ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِي
and make my offspring good.
meaning, my offspring and descendants.
إِنِّي تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
Truly, I have turned to You in repentance, and truly, I am one of the Muslims.
This contains an instruction for anyone who reaches forty years of age to renew his repentance and turn to Allah with strong resolution.
Allah then says
46:16
اُولٰٓئِکَ الَّذِیۡنَ نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنۡہُمۡ اَحۡسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوۡا وَ نَتَجَاوَزُ عَنۡ سَیِّاٰتِہِمۡ فِیۡۤ اَصۡحٰبِ الۡجَنَّۃِ ؕ وَعۡدَ الصِّدۡقِ الَّذِیۡ کَانُوۡا یُوۡعَدُوۡنَ ﴿۱۶﴾
Those are the ones from whom We will accept the best of what they did and overlook their misdeeds, [their being] among the companions of Paradise. [That is] the promise of truth which they had been promised.
أُوْلَيِكَ الَّذِينَ نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنْهُمْ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوا
وَنَتَجاوَزُ عَن سَيِّيَاتِهِمْ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْجَنَّةِ
Those are the ones from whom We shall accept the best of what they did and overlook their evil deeds. (They shall be) among the dwellers of Paradise.
meaning, those to whom applies the above description — those who repent to Allah, turn back to Him, and rectify their shortcomings through repentance and seeking forgiveness – those are the ones from whom We will accept the best of what they did and overlook their evil deeds. Many of their errors will be forgiven and Allah will accept from them a modest amount of deeds.
فِي أَصْحَابِ الْجَنَّة
(among the dwellers of Paradise),
which means that they will be among the dwellers of Paradise. That is Allah’s ruling concerning them, as He has promised for those who repent and turn to Him.
Thus, He says,
وَعْدَ الصِّدْقِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يُوعَدُونَ
That is the promise of truth that they had been promised.
46:17
وَ الَّذِیۡ قَالَ لِوَالِدَیۡہِ اُفٍّ لَّکُمَاۤ اَتَعِدٰنِنِیۡۤ اَنۡ اُخۡرَجَ وَ قَدۡ خَلَتِ الۡقُرُوۡنُ مِنۡ قَبۡلِیۡ ۚ وَ ہُمَا یَسۡتَغِیۡثٰنِ اللّٰہَ وَیۡلَکَ اٰمِنۡ ٭ۖ اِنَّ وَعۡدَ اللّٰہِ حَقٌّ ۚۖ فَیَقُوۡلُ مَا ہٰذَاۤ اِلَّاۤ اَسَاطِیۡرُ الۡاَوَّلِیۡنَ ﴿۱۷﴾
But one who says to his parents, “Uff to you; do you promise me that I will be brought forth [from the earth] when generations before me have already passed on [into oblivion]?” while they call to Allah for help [and to their son], “Woe to you! Believe! Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth.” But he says, “This is not but legends of the former people” –
Mention of the Undutiful Children and Their End
In the previous Ayat, Allah mentions the dutiful offspring who supplicate for their parents and treat them with kindness. He describes the success and salvation He has prepared for them. Here He connects to that discussion the situation of the wretched offspring who are undutiful toward their parents.
Allah says,
وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَا
But he who says to his parents:”Uff to you!”
As for the saying “Uff” in this Ayah, it is a general description applying to anyone who says it to his parents. Some people claim that it was revealed about Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr. But this claim is weak and rejected, because Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr embraced Islam after this was revealed. His adherence to Islam was excellent, and he was among the best of his contemporaries.
Al-Bukhari recorded from Yusuf bin Mahak that;
Marwan (bin Al-Hakam) was governor of Hijaz (Western Arabia), appointed by Mu`awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. He (Marwan) delivered a speech in which he mentioned Yazid bin Mu`awiyah and urged the people to give a pledge of allegiance after his father. Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr said something to him in response to that, upon which Marwan commanded his men:”Arrest him!” But he entered Aishah’s house, and they were not able to capture him. Marwan then said:
“This is the one about whom Allah revealed:
وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَا أَتَعِدَانِنِي أَنْ أُخْرَجَ وَقَدْ خَلَتْ الْقُرُونُ مِن قَبْلِي
But he who says to his parents:”Uff to you! Do you promise me that I will be raised — when generations before me have passed?”
From behind the curtain, Aishah responded:
“Allah did not reveal any Qur’an in our regard (i.e. the children of Abu Bakr), except for the declaration of my innocence.”
In another report recorded by An-Nasa’i, Muhammad bin Ziyad reported that;
when Mu`awiyah was soliciting people to pledge allegiance to his son, and Marwan declared:
“This follows the tradition of Abu Bakr and `Umar.”
On hearing this, Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr said:”Rather, this is the tradition of Heraclius and Caesar.”
Marwan responded:
“This is the one about whom Allah revealed,
وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَا
(But he who says to his parents:”Uff to you!”)”
When that was conveyed to A’ishah, she said:
“Marwan is lying! By Allah, that was not revealed about him. If I wish to name the person meant by it, I could. On the other hand, Allah’s Messenger placed a curse on Marwan’s father (Al- Hakam bin Abi Al-`As when Marwan was still in his loins, so Marwan (bin Al-Hakam) is an outcome of Allah’s curse.”
As for Allah’s statement:
أَتَعِدَانِنِي أَنْ أُخْرَجَ
Do you promise me that I will be raised?
meaning, resurrected.
وَقَدْ خَلَتْ الْقُرُونُ مِن قَبْلِي
when generations before me have passed,
meaning, generations of people have already passed away, and none of them has ever returned to tell (what happened to them) .
وَهُمَا يَسْتَغِيثَانِ اللَّهَ
While they invoke Allah for help,
meaning, they ask Allah to guide him, and they say to their son,
وَيْلَكَ امِنْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقّفَيَقُولُ مَا هَذَا إِلاَّ أَسَاطِيرُ الاَْوَّلِينَ
“Woe to you! Believe!
Verily, the promise of Allah is true.”
But he says:”This is nothing but the legends of the ancient.”
Allah then says,
أُوْلَيِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ
قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِم مِّنَ الْجِنِّ وَالاِْنسِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ
46:18
اُولٰٓئِکَ الَّذِیۡنَ حَقَّ عَلَیۡہِمُ الۡقَوۡلُ فِیۡۤ اُمَمٍ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِنۡ قَبۡلِہِمۡ مِّنَ الۡجِنِّ وَ الۡاِنۡسِ ؕ اِنَّہُمۡ کَانُوۡا خٰسِرِیۡنَ ﴿۱۸﴾
Those are the ones upon whom the word has come into effect, [who will be] among nations which had passed on before them of jinn and men. Indeed, they [all] were losers.
They are those against whom the Word (of torment) has justified among the previous generations of Jinn and mankind that have passed away. Verily, they are ever the losers.
This indicates that all such people will be among their likes and their peers among the disbelievers, who will lose themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection.
Allah’s saying,
أُوْلَيِكَ
(Those are) after He said,
وَالَّذِى قَالَ
(But he who says) confirms what we have mentioned above that the latter is a general description of a type of people including all those who fall under that description.
Al-Hasan and Qatadah both said,
“This applies to the disbelieving, sinful person who is undutiful to his parents and who denies resurrection.”
Allah then says
46:19
وَ لِکُلٍّ دَرَجٰتٌ مِّمَّا عَمِلُوۡا ۚ وَ لِیُوَفِّیَہُمۡ اَعۡمَالَہُمۡ وَ ہُمۡ لَا یُظۡلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۱۹﴾
And for all there are degrees [of reward and punishment] for what they have done, and [it is] so that He may fully compensate them for their deeds, and they will not be wronged.
وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِّمَّا عَمِلُوا
And for all, there will be degrees according to that which they did,
meaning that there will be degrees of punishment for each of them according to what they did.
وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ
so that He might fully recompense them for their deeds, and they will not be wronged.
which means Allah will not be unjust to them even in the amount of a speck of dust or less.
Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said:
“The levels of the Fire descend, and those of Paradise ascend.”
Allah then says
46:20
وَ یَوۡمَ یُعۡرَضُ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا عَلَی النَّارِ ؕ اَذۡہَبۡتُمۡ طَیِّبٰتِکُمۡ فِیۡ حَیَاتِکُمُ الدُّنۡیَا وَ اسۡتَمۡتَعۡتُمۡ بِہَا ۚ فَالۡیَوۡمَ تُجۡزَوۡنَ عَذَابَ الۡہُوۡنِ بِمَا کُنۡتُمۡ تَسۡتَکۡبِرُوۡنَ فِی الۡاَرۡضِ بِغَیۡرِ الۡحَقِّ وَ بِمَا کُنۡتُمۡ تَفۡسُقُوۡنَ ﴿٪۲۰﴾
And the Day those who disbelieved are exposed to the Fire [it will be said], “You exhausted your pleasures during your worldly life and enjoyed them, so this Day you will be awarded the punishment of [extreme] humiliation because you were arrogant upon the earth without right and because you were defiantly disobedient.”
وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ
أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُم بِهَا
On the Day when those who disbelieve will be exposed to the Fire (it will be said):
“You received your good things in the life of the world, and you took your pleasure therein…”
which means that this will be said to them by way of blame and reprimand.
The Commander of the faithful, Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, gave up many of the joys of food and drink and refrained from them while saying,
“I am afraid of being like those whom Allah has reproached and condemned by saying,
أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُم بِهَا
(You received your good things in the life of the world, and you took your pleasure therein).”
Abu Mijlaz said:
“Some people will lose good deeds that they had in the worldly life, and they will be told,
أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا
(You received your good things in the life of the world).”
Then Allah says,
فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ
بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ فِي الاَْرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ
Today, you will be recompensed with the torment of extreme humiliation, because you were arrogant upon the earth without a right, and because you used to rebel against Allah’s command.
which indicates that their punishment will be of a type comparable to their deeds.
They enjoyed themselves, were arrogant in their denial of the truth, and were involved in sinning and disobedience. Thus, Allah punishes them with extreme humiliation, disgrace, severe pains, continued sorrow, and positions in the terrible depths of Hell — may Allah protect us from all of that
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